APUSH Quiz Review #1

Atlantic Economy

Linked Europe, Africa, and the Americas through trade in crops, raw materials, and enslaved labor.

Key Crops

Labor-intensive cash crops such as tobacco, coffee, and sugar that fueled the plantation economy.

Mercantilism

An economic theory that emphasizes the importance of trade and commerce, where colonies exist to benefit the mother country.

Encomienda System

A system where Spanish colonists were granted rights to exploit Native labor for agriculture and mining, justified by conversion to Catholicism.

Columbian Exchange

The transfer of plants, animals, people, diseases, and technology between the Old and New Worlds.

Indentured Servants

Individuals who worked for a certain number of years in exchange for passage to the Americas.

House of Burgesses

The first elected legislative assembly in English America, established in Virginia in 1619.

Bartolomé de Las Casas

A Spanish priest who criticized the mistreatment of Native Americans and advocated for their rights.

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

The trade of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas, causing significant population loss in Africa.

Chesapeake Colonies

Known for tobacco as a cash crop and a shift from indentured servants to enslaved Africans for labor.

Native American Relations

The interactions between Native Americans and European colonizers, which varied between alliances and conflicts.

Plantation Economy

An economic system based on large-scale agriculture and the cultivation of cash crops requiring significant labor.

Starving Time

The period in Jamestown's early years marked by severe food shortages and high mortality rates.

French Colonization

Focused on fur trade and alliances with Native Americans rather than large-scale settlements.

Middle Colonies

Characterized by diverse crops, religious tolerance, and a mixed economy of farming and trade.