procedures basic to nursing care

asepsis or aseptic

means the absence of germs, such as bacteria, viruses

aseptic technique

a standard healthcare practice that helps prevent the transfer of germs to or from an open wound

aseptic technique (surgical asepsis)

to eliminate germs
surgical operations
surgical handwashing

clean technique (medical asepsis)

reducing the number of microorganisms in general
change of linen, gowns
medical handwashing, wearing of gloves

hcai

healthcare-associated infections

aseptic technique practices

barriers
patient & equipment preparation
environmental controls
contact guidelines

barriers

prevent the transfer of germs between healthcare professionals and patients

direct transmission

person to person through touching

indirect transmission

vehicle born includes fomites, medical instruments
vector includes insects, pets

airborne transmission

droplets, nuclei or dust

infectious agent

the pathogen that causes diseases

reservoir

places in the environment where pathogen lives

portal of exit

the way the infectious agent leaves the reservoir (through open wounds)

mode of transmission

the way infectious agent can be passed on

portal of entry

the way the infectious agent can enter a new host

susceptible host

can be any person or invasive medical devices

microorganisms

most are harmless, some are beneficial

blood tests

commonly used diagnostic tests about hematologic system

venipuncture

puncture of vein

phlebotomist

person from lab who perform venipuncture

complete blood count

basic screening test and one of the most frequently ordered blood

serum electrolytes

screening of electrolytes and acid base imbalances

blood chemistry

determining enzymes such as cardiac makers

hemoglobin a1c (hba1c) test

measures blood glucose for the past 3 to 4 months

capillary blood glucose

is taken to measure the current blood glucose level

stool exam

to determine presence of bacteria or virus

urine analysis

nurse is responsible for collecting urine specimens
catch midstream

prescription

is the written direction for the preparation and drug administration

oral

most common and least expensive

sublingual

under the tongue

parenteral

needle

right client

give to intended client

right medication

countercheck in doctor’s order and kardex

right dose

give special time for calculation

right time

give at right frequency and time as ordered

right route

orally, intravenously, topically

right client education

explain details

right assessment

there are some medication that a nurse needs to re assess the vital signs of the client

right to documentation

nurse signs the medication sheet

right evaluation

follow up to check if the desired affect achieve