AP Psychology Unit 1: Scientific Foundations of Psychology

psychology

the study of behavior and mental processes

Clinical psychologists treat ___, ____, and ____ d___

mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders

Degree needed to be a clinical psychologist

PhD or PsyD

Counseling psychologists help people cope with ____ p___ and ___ a___

everyday problems; serious adversity

Degree needed to be a counseling psychologist

Master’s

Psychometric psychology

use of tests to measure human abilities, attitudes, and traits

I/O Psychology

Industrial/Organizational psychology

I/O Psychologists work to improve ___ and ___

workplaces; productivity

A PSYCHIATRIST is a licensed ___ ___ able to prescribe d__/m__ to treat mental disorders

medical doctor; drugs/medication

Behavioral approach

studies measurable and observable reactions and learned responses/behaviors

Psychodynamic approach

historically based on Ziggy Freud’s theories of psychoanalysis, in which the unconscious/subconscious influences behavior and attitudes, typically stemming from childhood trauma

Humanistic approach

believes that people are inherently good and have free will and a capacity for growth, “self-actualization” focus

Cognitive approach

how we encode, store, and process information; insists that thoughts, not just external stimuli, influence behavior

things the cognitive approach may study

language, memory, self-perception, learning

Evolutionary approach

based on Darwin’s theory of natural selection, claims that certain psychological traits that promote survival and reproduction are passed down to younger generations

biological approach

studies how biology (genes, hormones, brain structures and chemistry) influence behavior and mental processes

Sociocultural approach

studies the influence of social and cultural groups and their differences

things that the sociocultural perspective may take into account

social norms, gender roles, traditions, peer pressure, etc.

“___ works on what ___ endows”

Nurture, Nature

applied research

focuses on specific, practical knowledge to solve specific problems

basic research

builds the base of psychology’s knowledge, focused on general questions about the human mind