Honors Anatomy Test #1 Full Set

Endo-

in; within

Epi-

above; upon; on

Hyper-

above; excessive

Hypo-

deficient; below; under; less than

Sub-

under; below

Cardi/o

heart

derm/o

skin

hist/o

tissue

my/o

muscle

oss/o

bone

-cyte

cell

-ology

study of

-gen

substance that produces

-osis

condition, usually abnormal

-pathy

disease; emotion

Abdominal

abdomen

Acromial

point of shoulder (located in upper limb)

Antebrachial

forearm (located in upper limb)

Antecubital

front of elbow (located in upper limb)

Axillary

armpit (located in chest)

Brachial

arm (located in upper limb)

Buccal

cheek (located on the cephalic/ aka head)

Calcaneal

heel (located on lower limb)

Carpal

wrist (located in upper limb)

Cephalic

the head

Cervical

neck

Coxal

hip (located in lower limb)

Crural

leg (located in lower limb)

Digital

toes and fingers

Femoral

thigh (located in lower limb)

Fibular (aka peroneal)

side of leg (located in lower limb)

Frontal

forehead (located on cephalic/ aka head)

Gluteal

buttock (located on dorsal/aka back)

Inguinal

groin (located in abdomen)

Lumbar

lion (located on dorsal/aka back)

Mammary

breast (located on the thoracic/aka chest)

Mental

chin (located on cephalic/ aka head)

Nasal

nose (located on cephalic/ aka head)

Occipital

back of the head or base of the skull

Olecranal

back of elbow (located on the upper limb)

Oral

mouth (located on the cephalic/ aka head)

Orbital

eye (located on the cephalic/ aka head)

Otic

ear (located on the cephalic/ aka head)p

Palmar

palm (located on the upper limb)

Patellar

anterior knee (located on the lower limb)

Pelvic

pelvis

Plantar

sole (located in the lower limb)

Popliteal

back of knee (located on lower limb)

Pubic

penis

Sacral

between hips (located on dorsal aka back)

Scapular

shoulder blade (located on dorsal aka back)

Sternal

breast bone (located on thoracic aka chest)

Sural

calf(located on lower limb)

Tarsal

ankle (located in lower limb)

Umbilical

navel aka belly button (located on abdemen)

Vertebra

spinal column (located in dorsal aka back)

what is the purpose of the circulatory system?

main function is to move blood, oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide and hormones around the body

what’s organs are found within the circulatory system?

heart, blood, arteries, veins, capillaries

what is the purpose of the digestive system?

a series of connected organs that allow the body to break down and absorb food, and remove waste

what’s organs are found within the digestive system?

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, anus, rectum

what is the purpose of the endocrine system?

a collection of glands that secrete hormones into the blood to regulate bodily functions, such as growth and metabolism

what’s organs are found within the endocrine system?

pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, ovaries/testes

what is the purpose of the excretory system?

to produce and eliminate a waste product called urea, which is produced when certain foods are broken down

what’s organs are found within the excretory system?

kidney, urinary bladder, urethra

what is the purpose of the immune system?

the body’s defense system against pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, protoza and others

what’s organs are found within the immune system?

white blood cells, thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lymph notes

what is the purpose of the integumentary system?

to acts as a protective barrier, retain body fluids, eliminate waste products, and regulate body temperature

what’s organs are found within the integumentary system?

skin, hair, nails, glands

what is the purpose of the lymphatic system?

to make and move lymph, a clear fluid which helps against infection

what’s organs are found within the lymphatic system?

lymph nodes, lymph duct, lymph vessels

what is the purpose of the muscular system?

contains over 650 muscles that aid in movement, blood flow and other bodily functions

what’s organs are found within the muscular system?

skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, cardiac muscle (heart)

what is the purpose of the nervous system?

-sends signals through the body

-controls both voluntary actions (eg conscious movement) and involuntary actions (eg breathing)

what’s organs are found within the nervous system?

brain, spinal cord, nerves

what is the purpose of the skeletal system?

-provides shape, support and protection to the body

-allows for movement

-produces red blood cells

what’s organs are found within the skeletal system?

bones, tendons, ligaments, cartilage bone marrow

what is the purpose of the reproductive system?

allows for sexual reproduction

-males, produce sperm

-females produce eggs

what’s organs are found within the reproductive system?

-males; testes, penis

-women; vagina, ovaries, uterus

what is the purpose of the respiratory system?

allows humans to take in vital O2 from air and expel CO2 and water vapor

what’s organs are found within the respiratory system?

lungs, diaphragm, trachea

Anatomy

The study of the structure of the body

Physiology

Study of how body structures function

Anatomical position

A position in which a person is standing upright, facing forward, with arms at the sides, palms facing forward, and feet flat on the ground (left and right of body refer to the person themselves, not the person looking at the body)

What is the anatomical position important

This is important because it creates a consistent system between doctors of explaining the condition of a person and allowed doctors to more easily discover what is wrong with a person

Sagittal (medial) plane

Frontal plane

Transverse plane

Cell

Basic structural and functional unit of all living things

Tissue

2 or more cells working together to preform a task

Organ

2 or more tissues working together to preform a task

Organ systems

2 or more different organs working together to preform a task

Organism

The created living thing

Upper right quadrant

Contains right lobe of the liver, gallbladder, parts of the pancreas, small and large intestines

Upper left quadrant

Contains left lobe of liver, spleen, stomach, and parts of pancreas, small and large intestines

Lower right quadrant

Part of small and large intestine, right of bladder, and right of ureter

Female; right, ovary, right fallopian, tube, and right side of uterus

Males; right side of reproductive organs

Lower left quadrant

Part of small and large intestine, left of bladder, and left of ureter

Females; left ovary, left fallopian tube and left side of uterus

Males; left side of reproductive organs

cranial cavity

contains brain

dorsal body cavity

contains cranial vertebral, thoracic and abdominal cavities

ventral body cavity

contains thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

abdominopelvic cavity

contains abdominal and pelvic cavities