Gram-Positive bacilli

Flashcards about Gram-positive bacteria

Gram-positive bacilli

Gram-positive bacilli transmitted through contact, parenteral routes, and inhalation, invariably leading to infection upon contact with a compromised or diseased individual.

Bacillus

A genus of gram-positive bacteria, some species of which can cause fatal infections via injection of toxins; some strains are treatable with antibiotics.

Anthrax

A disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, contracted through inhalation of endospores, with a 20% mortality rate; vaccination is recommended for those exposed.

Clostridium difficile

A bacterium that acts as an opportunist, often arising after prior antibiotic treatment, and can be addressed with a fecal transplant.

C. difficile exotoxin

An exotoxin produced by Clostridium difficile, leading to diarrhea.

Clostridium botulinum

A genus of anaerobic gram-positive bacteria found in soil and water, which can cause flaccid paralysis if food contaminated with its spores isn't heated to 80°C for 20 minutes.

Botulinum toxin

A neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum, leading to flaccid paralysis.

Clostridium tetani

A bacterium that causes spastic paralysis due to a toxin produced in soil, preventable with a vaccine and treatable with antitoxin; requires wearing shoes.

Clostridium perfringens

A bacterium that can lead to food poisoning, especially in individuals with poor circulation; treatment may involve amputation or surgical debridement due to tissue death.

Surgical debridement

A procedure involving the surgical removal of dead or damaged tissue to promote healing.

Maggot Debridement

A technique to remove dead tissue in wounds.

Listeria monocytogenes

A bacterium causing listeriosis, contracted orally from unpasteurized foods, and capable of intracellular motility without toxins, often affecting pregnant mammals.

Listeriosis

An infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes, typically through consumption of contaminated food products, leading to vertical transmission in mammals.

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A gram-positive bacterium transmitted via respiratory droplets from animals or humans, preventable by vaccination with a toxoid; normal flora, treated with antibiotics or surgical intervention.

Mycobacterium

A genus of bacteria known for being acid-fast bacteria, with species causing tuberculosis.

BCG vaccine

A vaccine against tuberculosis.

Nocardia

A bacterial species that is acid-fast.

Facultative anaerobe

The ability to grow in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Enterotoxin

A bacterial toxin that is specific for the cells of the intestinal mucosa.

Hemolysin

A toxin that lyses red blood cells.

Listeriolysin O

A process done by Listeria monocytogenes to make pseudopods to move to host cells after being endocytosed.

Surveillance

Testing and keeping constant watch for disease.