adult/elder

potassium levels

3.5-5.0

sodium levels

135-145

Magnesium levels

1.3-2.1

calcium levels

9.0-10.5

hyperkalemia

• high pumps:

  • peaked T and S elevation

  • Severe V fib and Cardiac arrest

  • hypotension and bradycardia

• Neuromuscular high:

  • paralysis/paresthsia

  • muscle weakness

• GI: high pumps:

  • diarrhea

  • hyperactive bowel

hypokalemia

• slow pump:

  • flat t wave, st depression

• neuromuscular: low and slow

  • shallow respirations

  • decreased deep tendon reflex

  • muscle cramping/paralysis

• GI:

  • constipation

  • hypoactive howel sounds

  • paralys of indestine

hypernatremia

• edema

• flushed skin

• increased muscle tone

• swollen/dry tongue

• nausea and vomiting

hyponatremia

• headache - cerebral edema

• mental status change

• siezure/coma

• fatigue/muscle cramps

• respiratory arrest

hypermagnesemia

• heart block

• hypotension, bradycardia

• decreased deep tendon reflex

• depressed respiratoins

• hypoactive bowel

hypomagnesemia

• torsades de pontes and v fib

• increased deep tendon reflex

• diarrhea

• hyperactive bowel

hyper calcemia

• kidney stone

• constipation

• bone pain

• severe muscle weakness/lethargy

hypocalcemia

• trosseau’s sign- tweaking arms

• tetaby

• cheeky smile

• diarrhea

• weak bones, bloot clotting, heart beats- cardiac dysarrthymia