Administering Blood and Blood Products

Vocabulary practice flashcards defining key medical terms, blood components, blood types, and transfusion reaction classifications from the lecture.

Autologous

Refers to a patient's own blood.

Homologous

Refers to donated blood.

Synthetic Blood Products

Blood products derived from a laboratory.

Antigen

Any substance that elicits an immune response and binds with an antibody, acting as the body's marking system for self and non-self on cell surfaces.

Antibody

A substance produced by the immune system in response to an antigen.

Agglutinogens

Red blood cell surface antigens, such as Type A and Type B antigens.

Type A Blood

Blood that contains only Type A antigens on red blood cells and anti-B antibodies in plasma.

Type B Blood

Blood that contains only Type B antigens on red blood cells and anti-A antibodies in plasma.

Type AB Blood

Blood that contains both Type A and Type B antigens on red blood cells and no anti-A or anti-B antibodies in plasma.

Type O Blood

Blood that contains neither Type A nor Type B antigens on red blood cells, and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in plasma.

Universal Donor

Blood type $O-$; lacks surface antigens on red blood cells and can be donated to types A, B, and AB.

Universal Recipient

Blood type $AB+$; presents AB surface antigens and lacks antibodies to other blood types.

Rh Positive

The presence of the Rh surface antigen on red blood cells.

Rh Negative

The absence of the Rh surface antigen on red blood cells.

Whole Blood

A blood product containing all blood components (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, clotting factors, plasma, and electrolytes), supplied in units of $450\text{--}510\text{ mL}$.

Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBC)

A transfusion product derived from whole blood with $90\%$ of fluid and other components removed, supplied in units of $250\text{--}330\text{ mL}$ to improve oxygen-carrying capacity.

Platelets

Blood components that develop in bone marrow, circulate for $9\text{--}12\text{ days}$, and assist in initiating, controlling, and contracting blood clots.

Thrombocytopenia

A condition defined by low blood platelet count (below the normal range of $150{,}000\text{--}450{,}000/\mu\text{L}$) that serves as an indication for platelet administration.

Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)

Un-coagulated plasma separated from red blood cells containing water, proteins, salts, metabolites, and clotting factors, administered for coagulation deficiencies or active bleeding.

Cryoprecipitate (CRYO)

A concentrated form of specific clotting factors containing Factor XIII, Factor VIII: VWF, Factor VIII: C, fibronectin, and fibrinogen.

Prothrombin Complex Concentrate

A medication (brand name Kcentra) containing $4$ Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X) used for Coumadin reversal and Xa inhibitor reversal.

Albumin

A liver-produced protein that constitutes $60\%$ of plasma and assists in transporting fatty acids, thyroid hormones, and steroids.

PolyHeme

A hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC) researched as a synthetic blood substitute.

Allergic Transfusion Reaction

An adverse reaction caused by recipient antibodies reacting against donor plasma proteins, presenting within $30\text{ minutes}$ with symptoms like urticaria, pruritus, wheezing, or anaphylaxis.

Bacterial Transfusion Reaction

An adverse reaction resulting from contaminated blood components, presenting within $30\text{ minutes}$ with fever, chills, bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramping, shock, and DIC.

Febrile Non-Hemolytic Reaction

An adverse reaction caused by recipient antibodies attacking donor white blood cells, presenting within $30\text{ minutes}$ with fever up to $104\,^\circ\text{F}$, chills, headache, and flushing.

Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction

An acute reaction (onset within $15\text{ minutes}$ or less) caused by ABO or Rh blood incompatibility, presenting with fever, chills, low back/flank pain, hemoglobinuria, hypotension, and DIC.