ush unit 1

Industrial Revolution

A period of major industrialization that began in Britain and spread to Europe and America, characterized by the growth of factories and mass production.

Steam Power

A new source of energy that revolutionized transportation and manufacturing processes during the Industrial Revolution.

Standard of Living

The degree of wealth and material comfort available to a person or community, which increased during the industrial era.

Innovation

The process of translating an idea or invention into a good or service that creates value or for which customers will pay.

Telegraph

A communication system that uses electrical signals to send messages quickly over long distances, significantly faster than postal mail.

Monopoly

Exclusive and complete control of a product or service by a single company or entity.

Trust

An arrangement whereby one person (trustee) holds property for the benefit of another, often used to evade regulations against monopolies.

Child Labor

The practice of employing children in industries or businesses; prevalent in the late 1800s, often exploiting children for low wages.

Socialism

An economic and political system that favors public or collective control of property and income.

Knights of Labor

An influential labor organization in the United States, founded in 1869, which advocated for workers' rights including collective bargaining.

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

A national federation of labor unions in the United States formed in 1886 that organized skilled workers and focused on labor issues.

The Gilded Age

A period in American history marked by rapid economic growth, industrialization, and a facade of prosperity over underlying social issues.

Mass Production

The process of manufacturing large quantities of standardized products, often using assembly lines.

Urbanization

The increasing population in urban areas, often leading to social and economic changes in society.

Collective Bargaining

A process of negotiation between employers and a group of employees aimed at reaching agreements to regulate working conditions.

Electricity

A form of energy used for power and as a vital component in technological innovations during the industrial period.