Geography Unit 1 Flash Cards #2

7 Types of Maps

Climate, Economic/Resource, Physical, Political, Topographic, Population Density, Road

5 Parts of a Map

Title, Grid, Scale, Directions, Legend/Key

Map Key (Legend)

Tells you what symbols on a map stand for

Map Scale

Shows the relationship between map distance and real-life distance

Map Title

Tells you the main subject/topic of the map

Absolute Location

An exact point on Earth using coordinates or a specific street address

Relative Location

Where a place is located in relation to another landmark or point

Latitude Lines

Lines that run East to West and measure distance North or South of Equator

Longitude Lines

Lines that run North to South and measure distance East or West of Prime Meridian

Equator

0° line of latitude that divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres

Prime Meridian

0° line of longitude that divides Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres

Degrees of Latitude

90° North and 90° South of the Equator

5 Themes of Geography

Location, Place, Human-Environment Interaction, Movement, Region

Possibilism

Theory that humans can modify their environment to meet their needs

Environmental Determinism

Belief that the physical environment strictly dictates human behavior

Desert Golf Course Example

Possibilism (humans altering nature to build something non-native)

Formal Region

An area where everyone shares a distinct, measurable characteristic

Functional Region

An area organized around a central focal point or node

Vernacular Region

An area defined by people's informal perceptions or culture

Globalization

The spread of products, ideas, and culture across the entire world

Local Diversity

Adapting products or customs to fit specific local cultures

McDonald's in India Example

Local Diversity (offering vegetarian items due to cultural traditions)

Overpopulation

When population exceeds available resources to comfortably support life

Doubling Time

The amount of years required for a population to double in size

Dependency Ratio

Number of dependents (under 15 / over 65) compared to working-age people

Arithmetic Density

Total population divided by total land area

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Average number of children born to a woman during her lifetime

Factors of High TFR

Lack of female education, limited birth control, and cultural traditions

Stage 2 Population Pyramid

High Growth: Wide base (high birth rate) tapering quickly to top

Stage 3 Population Pyramid

Moderate Growth: Base narrows as birth rates start dropping

Stage 4 Population Pyramid

Low Growth: Column-shaped structure with stable population numbers

Stage 5 Population Pyramid

Negative Growth: Base is narrower than middle (births below death rate)