Studied by 4 people
Histology
The science that deals with the study of normal tissues; prelude to pathology.
Pathology
The study of abnormal tissues; focused on the study and diagnosis of disease.
Tissues
Groups of cells that have similar structures and intercellular materials that are interrelated to perform a specific function.
Abnormal tissues
Tissues with altered structures and functions.
Mitosis
The division of a cell (somatic cell) into two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.
Meiosis
The division of germ/sex cells; results in four daughter cells which are not identical to the parent cell (only one copy of each paternal and maternal chromosome can be found in each of the daughter cells).
Anton Von Leeuwenhoek
Dutch microbiologist who was the first to observe and describe living cells using a handheld microscope
Developed and ground compound microscope lenses
Discovered protozoa and bacteria as well as the structure of muscles and nerves
Robert Hooke
English microscopist and physicist who, upon observing a slice of cork under a microscope, had discovered many small “compartments” that resemble honeycomb structures which he described as cells (from the Latin term cellula, meaning “small room”).
Marcelo Malpighi
Italian anatomist who was the first to describe the units forming animal tissues using simple microscope lenses; known as the True Father of Histology.
Robert Brown
Scottish botanist who discovered the cell nucleus as he observed small dense centers in the epidermal cells of orchids
Introduced the nucleus in the 17th century.
Marie Francois Bichat
French pathologist who termed tissues as “textures” and described them as different groups of cells.
Matthias Jakob Schleiden
German botanist who proposed the cell theory for plants .
Co-founder of the cell theory along with Theodor Schwann and Rudolf Virchow
Theodor Schwann
German physician and physiologist who stated that animals are made of cells
Discovered cells that form a sheath (called the myelin sheath) surrounding the nerve (called Schwann cells)
Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle
German physician and pathologist who published his work on human histology titled “A Treatise on General Pathology”
Max Schultze
German microscopic anatomist who was the first to describe the cell as a nucleated mass of protoplasm.
Rudolf Virchow
German pathologist that described the human body as “cell state”
Stated that all diseases involved changes in normal cells.
19th Century
Involves microtome; fixing, embedding, and staining techniques.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: The elements that compose the human body are: cells, intercellular substances, and body fluid.
Cell
Structural, functional, hereditary, and developmental unit of all living organisms.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: Cell structure is composed of three major structures: cell membranes, nucleus and cytoplasm.
Cell membrane
Also known as plasmalemma, plasma membrane, or the “guardian of the cell.”
It divided via intercellular and extracellular fluid.
It is not seen under light microscope.
Physical barrier
It establishes the flexible boundary that protects cell contents and supports structure.
Has selective permeability that regulates the entrance and exit of nutritive and excretory substances.
Electrochemical gradients
It keeps constant ion content of the cytoplasm and communication, which is how the cell interacts with other cells.
Protoplasm
It refers to all structure inside the cell membrane (e.g. organelles, inclusion bodies, and nucleus)
Cytoplasm
It refers to all contents outside the nucleus (e.g. organelles and inclusion bodies).
Irritability
The passive to respond to stimulus and the expression of life that disappears upon cell death.
Contractility
The property of changing shapes, shortening the direction of its long axis, under developed in muscle fibers.
Conductivity
This is the ability to transmit electrical impulse which are highly developed in nerve cells.
Respiration
Food substances and oxygen interact chemically to produce water and carbon dioxide.
Absorption
Inhibition of dissolved substances; also known as endocytosis.
Pinocytosis
Cell drinking
Phagocytosis
Cell eating
Exocytosis
Exclusion of waste products by the cell
Secretion - hormones/digestive enzymes (insulin)
Excretion - exclusion of waste products of metabolism (urine)
Growth and Reproduction
Increasing cell number and involves cell division.
Organelles
Internal cell component that performs specific function for the cell.
Mitochondria
Double-membraned powerhouse of the cell; produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as a source of energy that is used by the cell for metabolic activities.
Contains soluble enzymes: Kreb’s cycle
Lysosome
Known as the suicide bag of the cell, which contains hydrolytic enzymes for protein and carbohydrate breakdown.
Centrosome
Center of activity associated with cell division; maintains chromosome number during mitosis.
Centrioles
A component of centrosome that forms the mitotic spindle during cell division.
Ribosomes
It has dense aggregates of RNA; the site of protein synthesis
Note 
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