APUSH Unit 7 Review

What needs caused the U.S. to look outward and enter the age of imperialism?

What needs caused the U.S. to look outward and enter the age of imperialism?

Trade (economic reasons/industrialization with raw materials and to sell goods). Competition (political) who are grabbing up land for colonies. White Man's Burden, civilizing the foreigners, and naval power.

What was "Seward's Folley"?

Purchase of Alaska, people didn't know why we would purchase it, but has many raw materials and resources.

How did the U.S. acquire Hawaii?

Hawaiians didn't want to annex to America. Businessmen (not the military or army) wanted to join America to avoid tariffs. They made a coup and overthrew the queen, and asked to join. At first Theodore hesitated, but once the Spanish American War came along it was annexed.

What were the causes of the "splendid little war" (Spanish American War)?

Spark of U.S.S. Maine going to Cuba, but it blew up and blamed on Spain, with yellow journalism (false propaganda stories) portraying Spain as bad. (2nd Delome letter published in U.S. where Spain insulted the president). But what started the initial tension was Cuba wanted independence from Spain, but instead Spain put people in concentration camps upsetting America.

What were the effects of the "splendid little war" (Spanish American War)?

Cuba got its independence but became a U.S. protectorate, with naval bases on Cuba (Guantanamo) and the U.S. received Spain's colonies outside of Africa (Puerto Rico, Philippines), and was now seen as a world power and imperialistic country having a significant navy.

What was Theodore Roosevelt's approach to foreign power?

Had the Platt Amendment (Cuba would get and keep its independence with America watching over them). Big Stick Diplomacy (walkout but with a big stick, yet have the ability to intimidate, so you could show that you could attack but only if necessary). Also the Roosevelt Corollary (Reinstating Monroe Doctrine (Back off the America's, we can handle them, due to the debt they owed Europe).

What was the importance of the Panama Revolution?

Part of Columbia at the time, they wanted to rise up so we supplied them with weapons to win, and in return give us the land to build the Panama Canal.

What was the importance of the Panama Canal?

Allowed ships to cut through Central America, instead of going around South America for trading.

Who were the Progressives (social class, and concerns) and what were their goals?

Modern Republicans, some poor and rich, but mostly middle class (especially women, but was seen inappropriate for them to do). Their goals were suffrage, prohibition, black rights, child labor and other labor laws, everything in response to the Gilded Age. (Rich and poor, and have more business control such as Standard Oil).

What is initiative?

Citizen starting law (petition and then to ballot)

What is Recall?

Put political leader up for re-election, or impeach (Stay in office or not)

What is Referendum?

Law started in legislation (voted on people by ballots (Say Yes or No in voting))

Why was Theodore Roosevelt considered a "Progressive" President?

As a trust-buster, he broke up bad trusts, but was able to acknowledge good ones and kept them to keep economy in tack. Conserved with national parks system to conserve some land and preserve it, but with reason and rationale. The Sherman Antitrust Act was enacted in 1890 to curtail combinations of power that interfere with trade and reduce economic competition.

Why was William H. Taft considered a progressive president?

16th amendment - Graduated income tax; 17th amendment - direct election of Senate; Wildlife reserves were made as well as broke way more trust-busters than Theodore.

Why did Wilson believe the U.S. needed to enter WWI?

It could effect the U.S., and people would keep dying if we didn't intervene. Says that it is our duty to keep Democracy and peace in the world, and this is the only way to restore it.

How did life at home change during the war?

Women were given more job opportunities with men leaving for war, and led to an increased production especially with army weapons and ammo, and more victory gardens made to increase food surplus for military overseas.

Why did many Congressman including Henry Cabot Lodge fiercely reject Wilson's 14 pts.?

They didn't want to give up their sovereignty (war and back up) to prevent war, because they didn't want other countries deciding things for them and America. The League of Nations was weak but became a precursor for the U.N.

Why are the 1920's referred to as the, "Roaring Twenties"?

Prosperity, consumer culture, jazz age, and prohibition.

What does Return to Normalcy mean?

Buying off of credit, Red scare and Communism in Russia, Return to isolation, political conservationism, immigration quotas to stop immigration based on WWI.

What was the significance of the Scopes Trial?

Would the next generation and America be brought up in an evolution and science world, or a religious one? Found guilty but later was overturned.

What were the results of the immigration acts passed in the Twenties?

There was a significant decrease in immigration, especially in new immigrant countries which was South and Eastern Europe.

What was the Great Migration and why did it happen?

African-Americans from North to South for economic chances like factory jobs, and socially there weren't any Jim Crow Laws or as much racial violence to deal with up North.

What population shift was evident by the end of the 1920's?

Most live in the cities now not in rural areas.

Why was prosperity in the 1920's largely a false sense of prosperity?

People used credit, spent money they didn't actually have, and led to an inevitable crumble when it was all due to pay back.

What was Hoover's response to the Great Depression?

Government shouldn't be involved, Laissez-Faire. People should help their own communities and work it out on their own, and it should naturally fix itself out on its own.

What was the SEC?

The Security and Exchange Commission to regulate the stock market (no false advertisements)

What was the TVA?

Tennessee Valley Authority, to create jobs by building dams and trying to get an electrical rig in the rural areas of Tennessee and Kentucky.

What was the FDIC?

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which would respond to insuring you're money in each bank (5,000 when it started).

What was the AAA?

Agricultural Adjustment Act, and was unconstitutional!! Government tried to regulate the economy, and pay them extra for their work.

What is the Social Security Act?

Money is given almost as a pension, to elders and the disabled who can't work, to still get money flowing in, even if they can't work.

What was Relief?

Helps people immediately and effect of the Great Depression (Social Security).

What was Recovery?

Boosting the economy through job opportunities (TVA).

What was Reform?

Fixing problems so the G.D. doesn't happen again (SEC, FDIC).

Why was FDR's Court Packing Plan so controversial?

It would give him too much power to the point it would be a dictatorship, and taking over the judicial branch having no checks and balances.

What was so significant about the role of the government in FDR's New Deal?

Didn't follow Hoover's orders, and got the government involved in the country's economic affairs, and we haven't returned to full Laissez-Faire since.

Name 2 critics of the New Deal and explain why they were so critical of FDR's plan?

Huey Long-Share the Wealth + Townsend - increase in social security.Some felt government was acting too much in place of this crisis, while others thought FDR wasn't going far enough. Opposite ends.

What ended the G.D.?

WWII (We enter but we started to improve with the Lend-Lease Act.

Who does the U.S. enter WWII?

Attack on Pearl Harbor

Why didn't people want to go to war?

The amount of people who died in the first world war, and the draft, with the American 1st Committee wanting to save supplies and weapons for ourselves.

Why did people want to go to war?

France had fallen, with really only the U.K. left in Europe, there was a great loss in democracy, and fear of Hitler having complete control of Europe.

What was significant in FDR's quarantine speech?

He doesn't want to go to war, but we have to do at least something at this time (economic sanctions) like the Lend Lease and cash and carry policies, to help the other countries, making us less isolationist.

How does Russia being our ally change as the war progresses?

Russia was against the U.S. in the beginning of the war, and they only joined when Hitler violated the Non-aggression pact they settled. Once this happened we gave them support to stop Hitler with a 2 side attack. Yet we still remembered their true intentions in the beginning of the war.

What were some changes at the home front in the U.S. during WWII?

Women again took over male jobs in factories and what not, but there was also a limit to consumer goods (Meatless Monday) so extra food could go to the military.

What was Japanese Internment?

Caused by Pearl Harbor attack and the fact that so many Japanese descendants were on the West Coast, it led to many thinking that many spies could be in the U.S., so they were put in these camps to contain any and all Jap-Americans to be 100% sure none of them could attack or terrorize the U.S. at all. They stayed here until the war ended and they were legal with Koramatsu trial, but later found unconstitutional and were paid 20,000 dollars in an apology.