High Risk Pregnancy and Pediatric Review

Flashcards covering maternal-fetal high-risk conditions, labor complications, and pediatric nursing fundamentals based on the lecture transcript.

According to the notes, what age ranges are considered high risk for pregnancy?

Teenage pregnancy ($13$ to $19$ years old) and mothers age $35$ years and above.

Why is oxygen consumption increased by $10\%$ to $20\%$ during pregnancy?

It is related to the needs of a growing fetus.

What are the four clinical signs of placental separation?

Sudden gush of blood, lengthening of the cord, rising of the fundus, and the uterus becoming globular.

What triad of symptoms characterizes Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH)?

Edema, hypertension, and proteinuria occurring after the $20$ to $24$ week of gestation.

What is the recommended daily protein intake for a patient with PIH during the $2nd$ and $3rd$ trimesters?

$60\,g$ daily.

Why are diuretics contraindicated in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension?

They can cause hypovolemia, which is a critical reduction in circulating blood or fluid (plasma) volume.

When administering Magnesium Sulfate for PIH, what respiratory rate threshold requires assessment?

Respirations below $12$ to $14$ breaths per minute.

What is the specific antidote for magnesium toxicity?

Calcium Gluconate.

How is a 'Missed abortion' defined?

The fetus dies in utero but is not expelled, requiring monitoring for disseminated intravascular coagulopathy.

In an ectopic pregnancy, where does the sudden, sharp, knifelike abdominal pain often radiate?

To the shoulder.

What is the most frequent site for implementation in an ectopic pregnancy?

The middle portion of the fallopian tube.

How long must a patient follow-up on serum gonadotropin levels after a Hydatiform Mole evacuation?

Imperative for $1$ year to rule out metastasis from choriocarcinoma.

What is the ‘Cerclage procedure’ used to treat an incompetent cervix?

A suture or ribbon placed beneath the cervical mucosa to close the cervix during the $14^{th}$ to $16^{th}$ week of gestation.

How does the clinical presentation of Placenta Previa differ from Abruptio Placenta regarding pain and blood color?

Placenta Previa involves painless, bright-red bleeding; Abruptio Placenta involves agonizing abdominal pain and dark red blood (if not concealed).

What defines 'Macrosomia' in infants born to diabetic mothers?

Babies that are excessively large, weighing over $4000\,g$.

What blood glucose range in a neonate indicates hypoglycemia according to the notes?

$30$ to $40\,mg/dl$.

Which two medications are specifically listed for preterm labor treatment?

Magnesium Sulfate (Tocolytic) and Betamethasone (Corticosteroid).

What are the '5 Ps' factors that contribute to Dystocia?

Psyche, Passenger, Passage, Primary power, and Person/patient.

What is the duration of a 'Precipitate Labor'?

A short labor that lasts for $2$ to $3$ hours or less.

What are the six Quality & Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) competencies?

Patient Centered Care, Teamwork & Collaboration, Evidence-Based Practice, Quality Improvement, Safety, and Informatics.

What is the definition of pain according to McCaffery (1979)?

The sensation of pain is whatever the person experiencing it says it is, and it exists whenever the person says it does.