Unit 3 systems of Power

Ethnic Studies

Federalism

divides power between national and smaller governments; smaller governments have limited independence

Legislative branch

writes laws, confirms/rejects appointments by executive branch (including judges), divided into upper house (2 reps/state), lower house (equally between pop./ senate)

Executive branch

carries out and enforces laws, can veto legislation, and appoints judges

Judicial Branch

interprets the law, can declare any act of the legislative or executive branch to be unconstitutional

Judicial review

makes sure all of gov. constitutional

what is the highest law of the land

the constitution

checks and balances

balance of power between the 3 branches of government so the other 2 and check the power of the other. less efficient, protects people from the gov. divided so one branch is not too powerful or misuse power

Unitary government

power located centrally and the regional and local units carry out policies

positives: efficient, one central authority, quick change, sense of unity

negatives: vulnerable to corruption, may only serve the interest of dominating group, central gov. may not know about local issues

authoritarian

power concentrated into one single leader or political party

how many Congressional districts are there?

52

how many judges/justices are in the supreme court

9

Who is Dorris Matsui

Congresswoman

who are the 2 California u.s senators?

Adam schiff

Alex padilla

who is the current leader of the executive branch?

President Donald J Trump

what is the role of the courts?

to make sure the executive branch acts within the constitution and federal statutes

who is the leader of the legislative branch?

none- power divided up between house of reps, and senate

what caused WW2?

Dec 17, 1941- pearl harbor bombed by japan, next day president Franklin D. Roosevelt declared war

Executive order 9066

Feb 19, 1942 - all Japanese regardless of citizenship, age, gender, loyalty, taken into custody and interned

Japanese Internment Camps

where Japanese went after arrest in WW2. Japanese aliens, to Japanese Americans sent to these camps, or anyone with Japanese blood

How was life after the camps?

Japanese faced even more hate and discrimination, and they no home to return to, and they received $20,000 in 1988

When were the Japanese released?

1988

power

ability to act or produce effect

make decisions & control circumstances

can impact and control what is/not possible for others

can humanize/dehumanize

Hegemony

strong influence or authority over others

privilege

unearned power

social cultural power

how we behave, interact, live

social norms

ex: recognizing other cultures

political power

organized groups making decisions

laws and policies

forms of gov.

economic power

organized way to fulfill peoples needs

ex: communism

Ideological oppression

social beliefs about what is superior/inferior

spread through dominant narratives

idea one group better than another

ex: belief whites superior, dominate society

Institutional oppression

societal organizations with dominant ideologies & reinforce them

ex: forced assimilation

interpersonal oppression

interactions affected by dominant ideologies

ex: racist jokes

internalized oppression

individual feelings affected by dominant ideologies

ex: ashamed of looks

Housing discrimination

prohibited certain races from owning certain properties, getting loans, and segregated people of color from white residencies

redlining

bank refuses to offer home loans because of the neighborhoods racial/ethnic makeup

what is considered areas of “poor investment” or low income areas?

areas with residencies of people of color

exploit

to take unfair advantage of

blockbusting

white’s encouraged to sell their properties because the value is going down because African American families are moving in their neighborhood

ghettoization

degradation of inner cites in america

whites move out of inner cities, replaced with poorer population

what made it harder for average American families to own a home?

higher mortgage rates, expensive homes, low inventory of houses

food desserts

location with affordable healthy foods non-existent because of absence of grocery stores in a reasonable distance

ex: fast food off a highway

what causes rising crime in certain areas?

when people are racially/economically segregated in urban areas, crime increases

lack of jobs and resources

desperation and isolation

homelessness and mental health issues (lack of accessible health care services)

What is the Dakota Access pipeline?

oil pipeline that transfers crude oil located in North Dakota

crossing the upstream of Standing Rocks’s reservation (sacred site)

what are some of the environmental racisms of the Dakota Access pipeline

the pipeline is too close to the city water supply, will affect Standing Rock’s water supply/health if it leaks

prioritizing drinking water for large white communities over indigenous reservations

grassroots movement

social, political, economic initiative spurred by ppl within a community

What are some details about the Standing Rock Protest

they protested and set camps at the construction site of the pipeline

largest indigenous demonstration in decades

ended/met with violence by private security

why was the Dakota Access pipeline in court?

the standing Sioux tribe sued the corps because they violated the clean water act, and didn’t consider the environmental and public health impacts

ruled against this b/c built on private land

why did the crude oil start flowing?

trump issued presidential memorandum to hurry the construction of the pipeline, and canceled the environmental impact statement (EIS) the corps were gonna make

the EIS/DEIS of the Dakota access pipeline

the draft shrugged of climate impacts

acknowledged the the damage and threats to nearby communities

claimed it could improve safety and reliability

what are some of the environmental impacts of the pipeline?

leaked before operation, plus additional five times(will affect water supply)

uses massive fossil energy in drilling

major climate consequences

civil rights

automatically given, cannot be taken away, equally distributed, protects from discrimination

civil liberties

individual freedoms protected from government interference

discrimination

unequal treatment towards a person/group because of their class from others (ex.race)

expressions of power

power over others, cooperative power, power to make change, inner power

hierarchy

ranks of power

implicit/unconsciousness bias

stereotypes/attitudes that affect our actions in an unconscious manner

marginalization

systematically excluded from forms of human activities

mass incarceration

detention of a person (sometimes imprisonment) in a correctional or psychiatric facility

model minority myth

myth Asian-Americans naturally high achieving, smart, and they are all about family

oppression

systematically harmed by others

protest

public demonstration to oppose something

redress

to set something right/correct wrong

referendum

public vote on a specific issue

stereotypes

belief people have about others or a characteristic

systems

group of related parts and work/move together

voting access/restrictions

some forms of government let citizens choose their representative, some govs. don’t give voting access. People can only vote for certain things

xenophobia

fear or hatred for strangers/foreigners

describe how society can divide people into groups

The government saw the Japanese as different after the bombing of pearl harbor, and isolated them from the rest of the community even though they had citizenship. Society was also a part of this because once the Japanese came back from the camps, they did not fit in with society, so the Japanese were their own “group” excluded from society.

explain how social hierarchies can influence individuals and society

People with more power, especially the government, will have control over those who don’t hold as much power. The government controlled the Japanese from how much they can eat, who is loyal or not, to detaining them. The government also influenced who can live where, because whites live in a certain area and people of color live in another area. These government decisions influences individual’s ways of life since they have more power.

describe a system of power; their functions, and impacts

social cultural power: where social norms take over, and the way we behave, interact, and live together affects how we see others and how we use the power towards people. The impacts can be negative or positive, depending on social norms.

political power: Power where organized groups make decisions. These groups include different forms of government, and they create laws and policies for people, but sometimes the policies are not always good.

economic power: It is an organized way to fulfill peoples needs. Sometimes they can have negative impacts for example communism, where the society becomes poorer.

Describe the relationship between individual and collective power

both individual and collective power is an expression of power, and they both can influence society in many ways, the only difference is that individual power is that one person makes all the decisions, and collective is multiple people making decisions, but in the end, they both make decisions, carry them out, and influence society.

compare the different branches of the U.S government

All of these branches of government do different things, but they are all part of the United States government, and all have a role in laws. The legislative branch writes the laws, the executive branch carries out and enforces them, and the judicial branch interprets them. Without these branches, laws would never be made and society can do whatever it wants, and there will be no control without these branches.

Describe different ways institutional discrimination can influence society

During executive order 9066, the Japanese were isolated from society, and this made society think that Japanese do not belong, and they are “different.” Another way is how real estate agents tried to keep African Americans out of certain neighborhoods, and if they did move into a certain neighborhood, the agents would say the property value is going down, and encouraging the whites to sell, and the neighborhood with African Americans are “poor investment,” just because real estate says so.

identify different types of prejudice and discrimination systems of power can have

American propaganda encouraged Americans to see Japanese as the other due to social and cultural power, and real estate agents pushed African Americans to the west end of Sacramento, due to discrimination

explain how biases and stereotypes form and influence individuals and groups

Biases and stereotypes usually impact those getting targeted by this negatively, and it changes how society sees them. for example, American propaganda would promote/encourage Americans to see these Japanese as “different,” or someone you can pick on. Real estate agents would also be biased towards whites, and give them all the privilege of owning whatever house they can own, and the African Americans get pushed to specific areas. These show how people can just get pushed around by these biases, and stereotypes.

Describe ways society can resist institutional discrimination

During Japanese internment, a woman went to court and challenged the government to prove that she did anything wrong to the United States that led her to the camps, and since there was nothing to prove, the supreme court ordered her release. There were different groups moving to end housing discrimination, people going to court to end racial segregation in schools, and Standing Rock protested against the Dakota Access pipeline crossing their territory.

case study: executive order 9066

issued Feb 19 1942, Japanese were put into internment camps

form of political power: law, government decision

form of institutional (law; government held authority over the idea japs should be incarcerated) and ideological (saw japs as different) oppression

when freed, faced even more hate and discrimination, no home to return to, received 20,000 in 1988

woman did go to court to go against the government to prove if she did anything wrong- ended up being released

case study: housing discrimination

prohibited certain races from owning certain properties. areas of “poor investment” or “low income” are mainly areas of people of color compared to whites

social cultural power: no law stating this, just the way people see people of color, social norms stating whites live in a certain area, and African Americans live in another

ideological oppression: idea certain races should live in a certain area, and they can own certain properties, idea white’s better than people of color

impacts: if no healthy good food in area, less good diet (mainly people of color because they got moved to “lower areas”). since segregated, people will know what RACE you are talking about if you talk about a certain area of a city.

Different groups were moving to end this racial segregation. Brown v Board of education declared racial segregation in schools unconstitutional (because segregated neighborhoods will affect how the school around them run, if the neighborhood is segregated, the schools will be too)

case study: Dakota Access pipeline

pipeline to transfer crude oil, but it is crossing a native American reservation

political power: government has authority in this

institutional: the government and other organizations supporting this pipeline held authority, ppl were not heard, government decided where the pipeline goes

impacts: drilling produces massive fossil energy/no clean future, major climate consequences, will affect water supply/heath if leaks (already leaked)

resistance: standing rock protested and sued them

case study: Historical mass deportation of Mexicans in america

military style tactics to remove Mexican immigrants from texas, undocumented workers are held in holding facilities, mainly deported because of xenophobia.

social and cultural power: only deported because Texas didn’t want the immigrants, “racist” operation, no LAWS, targeted only towards mexicans

ideological oppression; social belief Mexicans do not belong

impacts: immigrants in the mexican farm labor program became undocumented/deported, violations of peoples rights

Mexicans fought back and crossed the border illegally and found jobs on the farm, and refused to participate in the bracero program

case study: contemporary mass deportation

stronger immigration enforcement, ICE allowed to stop anyone based off of their judgement if they think that person is an undocumented immigrant, latino’s targeted by this

political/government power: government and executive branch enforcing this, and supreme court ruled on this

institutional oppression: ICE is allowed to stop anyone if they think they are undocumented because the supreme court allows them to

ideological oppression: if you LOOK undocumented, then ICE can detain you

impacts: Latinos scared to report crimes because fear of being questioned of their legal stat, they avoid public places, alienate Latino community

widespread protests across country pushing against these policies

Kristi v Noem

Justice kavanaugh writing for majority (going along with)

the stay (overriding the lower courts) will take effect until the appeal is decided

Immigration and Nationality act allows officers to quickly stop to question somebody if they have the facts

15 million people are in the U.S illegally

reasonable suspicion qualifies as not speaking much english, working a certain job, being in a specific location

something that is not enough for reasonable suspicion is apparent ethnicity, but can use as part of reasonable suspicion

government suffered legal injury when they stopped by court carrying out their laws

judiciary doesn’t set immigration policies or enforcement policies

courts role to make sure executive branch acts within constitution and federal statutes