polymers of glucose

which type of glucose are starch and glycogen made up of?

alpha

which type of glucose makes up cellulose?

beta

structure of starch

branched and unbranched chains of a-glucose

use for starch

plant energy storage

is starch soluble in water?

no

adaptations of starch to help with energy storage

insoluble so prevents water entering the cell by osmosis. large and insoluble so doesn’t diffuse out of cells. unbranched chain winds into a coil making it compact and good for storage

why does the branched chain in starch help with energy storage?

it has many ends which can be hydrolysed simultaneously to release glucose

which types of cell is starch found in?

plant

structure of glycogen

short, branched chains of alpha glucose

use for glycogen

energy storage

is glycogen soluble in water?

no

how is glycogen adapted for energy storage?

insoluble so prevents water entering the cell by osmosis and won’t diffuse out of the cell, compact so good for storage

why is being highly branched good for glycogen?

it has many ends which can be hydrolysed simultaneously to release more glucose than starch. important because animals have a higher metabolic rate than plants

what types of cell is glycogen found in?

animal, bacteria

structure of cellulose

straight, unbranched chains of beta glucose running parallel to each other, joined by hydrogen bonds

uses for cellulose

provides rigidity and support in the cell wall

how is cellulose adapted for rigidity and support?

parallel chains and hydrogen bonds provide strength and turgidity so that cells push against each other. insoluble so prevents water entering by osmosis

what type of cell is cellulose found in?

plant