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Qualitative data
Data described in words rather than numbers to depict something, like the color of a teacher's car.
Quantitative data
Data represented using numbers to count or measure something, for instance, the number of pets a student has.
Discrete data
Quantitative data requiring counting, taking specific values from a set, e.g., the number of coin flips until a tails is obtained.
Continuous data
Quantitative data necessitating measurement, able to take any value within an infinite range, such as the height of a student.
Population
The entire set of items of interest, like all French bulldogs worldwide for a vet studying their sleep patterns.
Sample
A subset of the population used to gather data, like selecting French bulldogs from different cities to record their sleep duration.
Sampling frame
A list of all population members, such as a list of employees' names in a company.
Population parameter
A numerical value describing a population characteristic, typically unknown, like the mean height of all 16-year-olds in the UK.
Sample statistic
A value computed from sample data, used to estimate population parameters, e.g., the mean height of 200 randomly selected 16-year-olds in the UK.
Note 
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