LPN

Cardiovascular System

Responsible for transporting blood, nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.

Heart

The organ that pumps blood throughout the body.

Blood Vessels

Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins carry blood back to the heart.

Hemoglobin

A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

Arrhythmia

An irregular heartbeat.

Respiratory System

Facilitates the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and environment.

Lungs

Main organs of respiration where gas exchange occurs.

Bronchi

Large air passages that branch from the trachea into each lung.

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place.

Spirometry

A test used to measure lung function.

Nervous System

Controls body functions through electrical signals and communication between the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Neurons

Cells that transmit nerve impulses.

Cerebellum

Part of the brain that coordinates voluntary movements.

Reflex

An automatic response to a stimulus.

Digestive System

Breaks down food into nutrients to provide energy and materials for growth.

Stomach

Breaks down food with digestive acids.

Enzymes

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions involved in digestion.

Peristalsis

The wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

Urinary System

Removes waste and excess fluids from the blood to maintain a healthy balance.

Nephron

The basic functional unit of the kidney.

Hematuria

The presence of blood in urine.

Musculoskeletal System

Provides structure, support, and movement to the body while protecting vital organs.

Tendons

Connect muscles to bones.

Osteoporosis

A condition characterized by weak and fragile bones.