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how does monetary policy influence the interest rate?
the 3 tools affect MS, which alter IR
t or f: the money market determines the eq. IR in the long run
f: the money market determines the eq. IR in the SHORT run (the loanable funds market does this in the LONG run)
t or f: printing money while the economy is in a recession to help the govt. pay off bills is a destabilizing/counterproductive economic action
t
in the long run, a change in MS will affect ____, but doesn’t impact the ____ and ____.
APL, interest rate, real aggregate output
effects of monetary expansion in long run
↑MS → ↓IR → ↑AD (↑I and ↑C) → ↑APL and ↑a.o. in SR → inflationary gap → ↓SRAS (self-correction)
OVERALL EFFECT: ↑MS → ↑APL but no effect on RGDP and a.o.
effects of monetary contraction in long run
↓MS → ↑IR → ↓AD (↓I and ↓C) → ↓APL and ↓a.o. in SR → recessionary gap → ↑SRAS (self-correction)
OVERALL EFFECT: ↓MS → ↓APL but no effect on RGDP and a.o.
t or f: changes in the APL are proportionate to changes in MS
t
monetary neutrality
changes in MS have no real effects on the economy
in LR, only effect from a change in MS is an equal change in APL
effects of an increase in MS on the IR in the long run
no actual increase in the end: ↑MS → ↓IR → ↑APL → ↑MD → ↑IR (back to eq.)
how is IR back to the eq. level? → changes in MS are proportionate to changes in MD
↑MS by x% → ↑APL by x% → ↑MD by x%
*OPPOSITE FOR DECREASE IN IS