Gross Anatomy L20

arches of the foot

transverse and longitudinal

what are the functions of the arches of the foot

weight support, force reduction, springboards, change shape

fibrous connective tissues for passive support

plantar aponeurosis, spring ligament, long and short plantar ligaments

2 main forms of flat feet

flexible and rigid

what tendons support longitudinal arch

tendons of both tibialis muscles and fibularis longus

why is lateral longitudinal arch important

balance

why is medial longitudinal arch important

higher and more important for weight support

what supports the transverse arch

tendons of tibialis posterior and fibularis longus

dynamic support of arches

tibialis posterior, tibialis anterior, flexor hallucis longus, fibularis longus, intrinsic plantar muscles

spring ligament also known as plantar calcaneonavicular

supports head of talus and medial longitudinal arch

long plantar ligament

strong support for lateral longitudinal arch

short plantar ligament

supports lateral longitudinal arch

what is the triangular thickening of the deep plantar fascia that extends from the calcaneal tuberosity and becomes 5 separate bands that extend to each toe

plantar aponeurosis

plantar fasciitis

inflammation of plantar aponeurosis, result of high intensity exercise or weight gain

what are the joints of the foot

tarsometatarsal joints, metatarsophalangeal joints, interphalangeal joints (proximal and distal), inferior extensor retinaculum, flexor retinaculum

metatarsophalangeal joints

condyloid synovial, flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction

interphalangeal joints

hinge joint, flexion/extension

what forms the roof over the tarsal tunnel

flexor retinaculum

extensor digitorum brevis innervation

deep fibular nerve

action of the extensor digitorum brevis

extend digits 2-4

extensor hallucis brevis innervation

deep fibular nerve

extensor hallucis brevis action

extension digit 1 at MTP

abductor hallucis innervation

medial plantar nerve

abductor hallucis action

abduct and flex digit 1

flexor digitorum brevis innervation

medial plantar nerve

abductor digiti minimi action

abduct digit 5

flexor digitorum brevis action

flex digit 2-5 at IP joint

abductor digiti minimi innervation

lateral plantar nerve

quadratus plantae function

flexing digits 2-4

quadratus plantae innervation

lateral plantar

lumbricals function

flex MTP joints and extend IP joints of lateral 4 digits

lumbrical innervations

medial plantar (1), lateral plantar (2-4)

flexor digitorum longus tendon action

flex MTP and IP joints of digits 2-5

flexor hallucis longus tendon action

flex digit 1

flexor hallucis brevis action

flex MTP joint of digit 1

flexor hallucis brevis innervation

medial plantar

adductor hallucis function

adduct digit 1, maintain transverse arch

adductor hallucis innervation

lateral plantar nerve

flexor digiti minimi brevis action

flex digit 5 at pip joint

flexor digiti minimi innervation

lateral plantar nerve

dorsal interossei function

abduct and flex MTP joints of digits 2-4

dorsal interossei innervation

lateral plantar nerve

plantar interossei function

adduct and flex MTP joints of digits 3-5

plantar interossei innervation

lateral plantar nerve

what innervates the dorsum of the foot

deep fibular nerve

what nerves split from the tibial nerve

medial plantar and lateral plantar

what is the dorsalis pedis artery a continuation of

anterior tibial artery

what does the medial plantar nerve innervate

1st lumbrical, abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis, flexor digitorum brevis

what does the lateral plantar nerve innervate

abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, quadratus plantae, lumbricals 2-4, adductor hallucis, dorsal/plantar interossei

what is the flow of dorsal arteries in the feet

anterior tibial to dorsalis pedis splits off into arcuate and deep plantar

what is the flow of sole arteries in the foot

posterior tibial artery splits to medial and lateral plantar, lateral plantar goes to deep plantar arch, goes to plantar metatarsal arteries goes to plantar digital arteries

where does the great and small saphenous veins originate from

dorsal venous arch