APHUG Unit 1 Test Study Guide

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APHUG Unit 1 Test MCQs

A 7-statement, 30-minute free-response portion on AP Classroom assessing skills and concepts from Unit 1.

APHUG Unit 1 Test FRQs

A periodic official count of the population used to collect spatial and demographic data for government representation and business planning.

U.S. Census

A type of region defined by official boundaries or uniform physical or human characteristics.

Formal Region

A type of region defined by common physical geographic features, such as landforms, climate, or vegetation.

Physical Region

A type of region organized around a central focal point or node, connected by communication or transportation systems.

Functional Region

A type of region based on informal feelings, cultural attitudes, or subjective perceptions rather than objective data (also called a vernacular region).

Perceptual Region

The geographic concept stating that interaction between two places diminishes as the physical distance between them increases.

Distance Decay

The reduction in time required for something to reach another place due to advancements in transportation and communication technologies.

Time-Space Compression

The theory that the physical environment sets limits, but human culture and technology have the ability to adapt and overcome environmental constraints.

Environmental Possiblism

The belief that the physical environment strictly dictates and shapes human culture, intelligence, and societal development.

Environmental Determinism

The practice of building stepped flat platforms into steep hillsides or mountainsides to create usable land for agriculture.

Agricultural Terracing

Tracts of low-lying land reclaimed from a body of water through dikes and drainage.

Polders

The precise spatial positioning of a place on Earth using a coordinate system like latitude and longitude.

Absolute Location

Geographic coordinates measuring angular distance north or south of the Equator.

Latitude

Geographic coordinates measuring angular distance east or west of the Prime Meridian.

Longitude

The position of a place described in relation to other places, landmarks, or features.

Relative Location

The spatial dimensions (global, regional, national, subnational/local) used to analyze, present, and interpret geographic data.

Scales of Analysis

Geographic Information System; a geospatial tool used to store, analyze, manipulate, and layer spatial data on digital maps.

GIS

Global Positioning System; a satellite-based system used to calculate precise absolute location and coordinates on Earth.

GPS

The process of collecting spatial data about Earth's surface from satellites, aircraft, or drones without physical contact.

Remote Sensing

The unavoidable inaccuracy in shape, area, distance, or direction that occurs when projecting Earth's 3D surface onto a 2D flat map.

Map Distortion

A map that displays general geographic locations, boundaries, and physical or cultural features.

Reference Map

A map designed to emphasize a specific topic or spatial pattern, such as population density or climate data.

Thematic Map

A type of reference map showing human-made boundaries, such as countries, states, and cities.

Political Map

A map showing the height or altitude of landforms above sea level.

Elevation Map

A thematic map using dot symbols to represent the quantitative presence or concentration of a geographic feature across space.

Dot Density Map

A main land use pattern dedicated to trade, services, retail, and business operations.

Commercial Land Use

A main land use pattern dedicated to farming, crop cultivation, and livestock production.

Agricultural Land Use

A main land use pattern dedicated to manufacturing, processing, storage, and factory operations.

Industrial Land Use

A main land use pattern dedicated to housing and human living quarters.

Residential Land Use

A compromise map projection that balances distortions of shape, area, distance, and direction to visually represent the entire world accurately.

Robinson Projection

A rectangular map projection used for sea navigation where grid lines cross at right angles, though area is severely distorted near the poles.

Mercator Projection

A circular map projection centered on a pole, often used to display polar regions and hemispheric navigation paths.

Polar Projection