ANAPHY (SKELETAL SYSTEM)

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Skeletal System

provides support & protection for the body’s internal organs + an attachment point for muscles

Axial Skeleton

central structure

provides support, protection & the framework for the attachment of muscles

(80 bones)

Skull

hint: axial skeleton

Ossicles (inner ear)

hint: axial skeleton

Hyoid Bone

hint: axial skeleton

Rib Cage

hint: axial skeleton

Vertebral Column

hint: axial skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton

facilitates movement & provides support

includes: bones of the limbs & their attachments to the axial skeleton

(126 bones)

Shoulder Girdle

hint: appendicular skeleton

Upper Limbs

hint: appendicular skeleton

Pelvic Girdle

hint: appendicular skeleton

Lower Limbs

hint: appendicular skeleton

Support, Protection, Movement, Storage & Blood cell formation

5 main functions of the skeletal system

Long Bones

bones are longer than they are wide

provides leverage for movement

Short Bones

bones that have a squat, cubed shape

approximately equal in length, width & thickness

Flat Bones

bones are thin & often curved
protective shields

Irregular Bones

bones that do not conform to the shapes of the other 3 types

Cranium

part of the skull that encloses the brain

Mandible

located inferiorly in the facial skeleton

largest & strongest bone of the face

Vertebral Column

made up of vertebrae that forms the backbone

Cervical

cereal at 7 am

Thoracic

tasty lunch at 12

Lumbar

light dinner at 5

Sacrum

hint: theres 5 of them but fused

Coccyx

hint: theres 4 of them but fused

Scapula Pain

dull, aching & sharp pain that spreads across the upper back & shoulder

Cartilage

• flexible, rubbery tissue

• covers the ends of bones at joints

• reduces friction & absorbs shock

Ligaments

• tough, elastic bands of tissue

• provide stability and limit excessive movement in joints

Tendons

• tough, fiborus connective tissues

• transmit the force generated by muscle contraction to produce movement

Metaphysis

site of the length-wise growth of long bones

Diaphysis

long central shaft of the bone (for strength)

Epiphysis

ends of the long bone

Epiphyseal Plate

bone elongation occurs here as chondrocytes proliferate, enlarge, die and are replaced by bone

Longitudinal Growth (Length)

occurs at the epiphyseal plate until puberty

Appositional Growth (Thickness)

osteoblasts deposit new bone tissue on the surface which makes bones thick

Spongy (Cancellous) Bone

• lighter and less dense than compact bone

• irregular cavities taht contain red bone marrow

Articular Cartilage

• special type of hyaline cartilage that covers the end of epiphyses

• provides smooth surface which forms a movable articulation

Medullar (Marrow) Cavity

• red - myeloid tissue

• yellow - bone marrow (adipose)

• has walls composed of spongy bone

Endosteum

• thin, vascular membrance (contains bone marrow)

• part of the medullar cavity

Periosteum

• outer covering around bone

• outer fibrous layer: fibrous (outer), cellular (inner)

• provides a good blood supply to the bone and a point for muscular attachment

Scaphoid

1

Lunate

2

Triquetrum

3

Pisiform

4

Hamate

5

Capitate

6

Trapezoid

7

Trapezium

8

Talus

1

Calcaneus

2

Navicular

3

Cuboid

4

Medial Cuneiform

5

Intermediate Cuneiform

6

Lateral Cuneiform

7

Scaphoid Fracture

most commonly fracture carpal bone, typically by falling on an outstretched hand

Osteoarthritis

type of arthritis that happens when the cartilage that lines ur joins is worn down and ur bones rub against each other

Frontal Bone

forms the forehead, the roof of the nasal cavity, and the eye orbits of the cranium

Parietal Bone

forms the roof and side of the cranium

Nasal Bone

bones of the nose

Zygomatic Bone

Sphenoid Bone

considered the key bone of the cranium

Occipital Bone

forms the posterior/base of the cranium

Temporal Bone

forms the sides of the cranium and house the ears

Maxilla

make up the upper jaw

Mandible

the lower jaw, the only movable bone in the face

Clavicle

True Ribs

Sternal Angle

Costal Cartilage

False Ribs

Floating Ribs

Manubrium

Body

Xiphoid Process

Sternum

Coxal Bone

Iliac Bone

Pubic Bone

Ischium Bone

Clavicle

Scapula

Humerus

Ulna

Radius

Carpals

Metacarpals

Phalanges

Femur

Patella (Kneecap)

Tibia

Fibula

Tarsals

Metatarsals

Phalanges (Toes)

Sesamoid

found in areas with significant joint movement and strain

Joints

points of contact between 2 points (bones)