Lesson 10 DNA (Silva 1406)

Monomer of DNA

Nucleotide

Sugar for DNA

Deoxyribose sugar

The 3 Parts of a Nucleotide

• Phosphate Group

• Deoxyribose

• Nitrogenous Base

• Adenine

• Cytosine

• Thymine

• Guanine

Nitrogenous Base

Nitrogenous Bases with 2 Rings

Purines (Adenine and Guanine)

Nitrogenous Bases with 1 Ring

Pyrimidines

Most common model of DNA

Watson-Crick Model

Who developed the model of DNA molecules

Watson and Crick

The structure of DNA looks like what?

A ladder

Backbone of DNA consists of

Sugars and Phosphate groups

“Rungs” of DNA consists of

Nitrogenous Bases

What pairs with Thymine in DNA?

Adenine

What pairs with Cytosine

Guanine

Direction and Structure of DNA

Double Helix going in a 5’ to 3’ Direction

What carbon in a sugar does a nitrogenous base bond to

1’ carbon

What carbon in a sugar does a phosphate group bond to

5’ carbon

What carbon in a sugar does another nucleotide bond to

3’ carbon

Type of Bond between pairs of nitrogenous bases

Hydrogen bonds

Type of Bond between nucleotides

Phosphodiester bonds

# of hydrogen bonds between Cytosine and Guanine

3

# of hydrogen bonds between Thymine and Adenine

2

What are the triplicate nucleotides in DNA genes called?

Codons

For every amino acid, there is 1 DNA codon (T/F)

ex- 50 amino acids= 50 DNA Codons

True

It takes 3 nucleotides to make a single codon (T/F)

True

Differences between RNA and DNA

RNA uses Ribose as a sugar instead of Deoxyribose

RNA has Uracil instead of Thymine (AU instead of AT)

The 2 steps of DNA replication

Transcription and Translation

Where does Transcription occur?

Inside the Nucleus

Where does Translation occur?

Cytoplasm

Who invented the Base-Pair Rule

Edwin Chargaff

What does the Base-Pair Rule State

Adenine bonds with Thymine

Cytosine bonds with Guanine

thus the # of Adenine is equal to Thymine and

the # of cytosine is equal to guanine