science test

What objects are visible in the night sky?

Stars, planets, and the moon

What is a constellation

A group of stars that makes up a pattern

How do objects appear to move in the night sky

East to west

How do Earth's seasons affect which objects are visible in the night sky?

The tilt and orbit

What is the geocentric model of the solar system?

The Earth

What is the heliocentric model of the solar system?

The Sun

What evidence was used to confirm the heliocentric model?

The phases of Venus

Why do we have different seasons on Earth?

Earths tilt

What is the cause of day and night on Earth

Earth’s rotation

Why do the earth and the moon remain in orbit?

Gravity

What is inertia?

tendency to resist changes in a state of motion

What is a solstice?

marks the longest and shortest days of the year

What is an equinox?

marks the point when day and night are of equal length.

What 2 factors determine the strength of gravitational force between 2 objects?

Mass and distance

Why do we only see one side of the moon?

The moons orbit

What causes the moon’s phases

The orbit relating to the sunlit proportion

What are the moon's phases in order from the new moon?

New moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, third quarter, and waning crescent

What causes partial and total lunar eclipses?

when a portion of the Moon passes through the Earth's umbral shadow.

What causes partial and total solar eclipses?

when the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth, blocking some or all of the Sun's light.

What causes Earth's daily tides

The gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun.

What causes spring and neap tides?

The gravitational interaction between the Earth, Moon, and Sun.

What objects are part of the solar system?

the Sun, eight planets, their moons, dwarf planets, asteroids, comets, and other small bodies.

What is an astronomical unit?

A unit of length used to measure distance within our solar system.

What are the 3 characteristics of a planet?

Orbits the sun, clears debris with gravity, and large.

Asteroid

A small rocky object that orbits the Sun.

Meteoroid

a small rocky or metallic object traveling through space, typically ranging from dust grains to small asteroids

Comet

a small, icy celestial object that orbits the sun and exhibits a visible coma and sometimes a tail when it gets close to the sun.

What are the 6 layers of the sun?

The core, radiative zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, and the corona.

Sunspots

dark, cooler regions on the Sun's surface that are caused by strong magnetic fields.

Prominences

enormous, bright, loop-shaped features that extend from the Sun's surface into its corona, or outer atmosphere.

Solar flares

a localized, short-lived, sudden brightening in solar atmospheric radiation, usually occurring near sunspots and active regions

Outer planets are

Gaseous bodies

Inner planets are

Solid bodies

All planets orbit

The sun

What is the age of the solar system?

4.6 billion years old.

What is electromagnetic radiation?

When a charged particle, such as an electron, changes it’s velocity.

How did the solar system form

The Big Bang.

How is the electromagnetic spectrum arranged?

By frequency and wavelengths

Reflecting

Uses curved mirrors to reflect light and form an image

Refracting

Uses glass lenses to Bend light

What are the different types of space probes?

Flybys, orbiters, landers, and rovers.

What types of data do the different kinds of space probes collect?

A wide range of data, including images, measurements of physical properties like temperature and radiation, and even samples of celestial bodies.

Where do stars form and what is their 1st stage of life?

They form in the nebula, and start as a protostar

What determines how long a star lasts?

Mass

What are the stages of a low or medium mass star

Nebula, protostar, main sequence, red giant, planetary nebula, white dwarf, black dwarf.

what properties are used to classify stars?

Temp, mass, color, luminosity, and size.

What are the stages in a high mass star

Protostar, main sequence, red supergiant, fusing, supernova, neutron star or black hole.

what is the difference between apparent and absolute brightness?

Apparent: How bright it appears from Earth. Absolute: How bright a star appears at 10 parsecs.

what two properties are used to classify stars on the H-R diagram?

Temperature and luminosity

what is a parallax and how is it used?

And effect that measures distance to nearby stars

Star system

A small number of stars that orbit eachother

Star cluster

A group of stars that share a common origin.

Galaxy

A system of millions or billions of stars.

what are the different kinds of galaxies?

Spiral, elliptical, and irregular galaxies

What is the universe

Space, time, matter, and energy.

What unit is used to measure the distance of stars?

Parsecs

What is The Big Bang Theory?

The Big Bang theory is the most widely accepted explanation for the universe's origin. It describes the universe's expansion from an extremely dense, hot, and small point roughly 13.8 billion years ago. The theory suggests that the universe started as an infinite concentration of energy called a singularity.