15.3: Muslim Regions

Causes of decay of Ottoman Empire

• Central governments lost control of nobles and military elites

• Lots of corruption

• Economic problems

Muhammad Ali

Father of modern Egypt

Wahhabi movement

Movement in Arabia that rejected religious teachings by Ottoman Empire. Goal was to purify Islam

How did European powers gain control of Ottoman Empire

They used diplomacy and military threats to gain treaties for trading

Pashas

Provincial rulers in Ottoman Empire

Who was responsible for the Armenian genocide

Ottoman Empire

How did Germany want to increase power in Ottoman Empire

By building a railroad from Berlin to Baghdad

How did ottomans reform the empire

• Reorganized bureaucracy and system of tax collection

• Built railroads

• Improved education

• Hired Europeans to train military

• Educated young men in west

What were the consequences of improved health care and food in the Ottoman Empire

Resulted in a population explosion which led to competition for land and increased unrest

The young Turks

Movement formed by liberals to reform the Ottoman Empire

What was a result of Turkish nationalism in Ottoman Empire

The Armenian genocide

How did Muhammad Ali reform Egypt

• Drove out French forces

• Ended power of ruling oligarchy

• Reduced power of church

• Improved tax collection

• Backed large irrigation systems

• Ordered cotton to be planted

• Hired westerners to train army

• Promoted education and study of medicine

Why did Egypt sell the Suez Canal to Britain

They owed a huge amount of debt to France

Why did Britain want the Suez Canal

It was a lifeline to India

Why did Britain make Egypt a protectorate

There was a nationalist revolt when Britain expanded its influence

How did Persia reform

• Improved finances

• Built railroads

• Built telegraph lines

The great game

Fight between Russia and Britain to gain influence in Persia

How did Britain and Russia gain control in Persia

Set up spheres of influence

What event heightened foreign interest in Persia

The discovery of oil

Effects of imperialism in Persia

• Exploitation of raw materials

• Became a market for its manufactured goods

• Much land was used to produce cash crops

Concessions

A way for the Persian government to make money by selling special rights to foreign companies or individuals

How was the money from concessions in Persia used

It was wasted on the Persian court