bio water propetries

liquid

water molcs move around, h-bonds continuously form and break apart, and closer together than ice, making it dense

solid

each water molc is hydrogen bonded to 4 other water molcs, water molcs spread out = less dense. lower density = floats

gas

water molcs move around rapidly, are further apart which prevents h-bonds to form

covalent bond

involve atoms sharing pairs of electrons, strong chemical bonds; lots of energy to break

hydrogen bond

weak attraction between partially positive h-atom and strong electronegative atom; usually operate between separate neighboring molecules

cohesion

water molecules tend to stick to eachother; among water molecules, in charge of bodies of water

adhesion

water molecules stick to other materials than other alike

high heat capacity

amount of heat required per unit mass of a substance to raise the temperature of the mass by one degree Celsius. Water’s hydrogen bonding gives it an unusually high specific heat. and its polarity; added energy goes into breaking h-bonds, only after the bonds break can the molecules speed up and increase the water's temperature

hydrophilic

molecules are polar and readily dissolve in water

hydrophobic

molecules are nonpolar and minimize water contact

solvent

a substance—usually a liquid—that dissolves another substance

solute

a substance that dissolves in a liquid, solid, or gas to form a uniform mixture called a solution

surface tension

a measure of the difficulty of breaking the surface of a liquid. surface molecules don’t have any other molecules surrounding them, yet stick to other surface molecules