Biochemistry pt. 4 (Green & Blue)

essential AA

acids that cannot be synthesized in the organism are called

b-carotene

precursor of vit. A

cholesterol

precursor of vitamin D

primary

The order and sequence of amino acid in a polypeptide determines what protein structure

zwitter ions form

ionic property of amino acid is exhibited by its

H-bond breakage

Denaturation of protein is a result of

reversible

Competitive inhibition is a _________________ reaction

zymogens

inactive form of enzymes are called

renin

Milk curdling enzyme present in gastric juice of infant

glucose

end product of the hydrolysis of glycogen

pepsin

active proteolytic enzyme in gastric juice is:

stomach

Protein digestion starts in the

apoenzyme

protein part of the enzyme molecule is the

glycogen

Glucose is stored in the liver, as

glycogenesis

process of converting glucose into glycogen is called

acetyle coa

Glucose, amino acid and fatty acid enter the citric acid cycle by their conversion into:

vit. B complex

vitamin which is used in the prevention of degenerative changes in the central nervous system

lock and key

model which best explains the enzyme-substrate action

recombinant DNA

synthetic DNA is called

H-bond

Complimentary base pairs in the DNA double helix are bonded by

DNA

responsible for the storage and transmission of genetic information

transcription

transfer of genetic information from DNA by the formation of mRNA

water

the end product of ETC

catabolism

energy producting reaction

kreb’s cycle

common metabolic pathway

ninhydrin

Detects the presence of alpha amino acids:

tocopherol

Lipid whose specific test is the Furter-Meyer test

ceramide

central compound found in the structure of sphingolipids:

phosphatidic acid

parent compound of phosphoslipids:

sulfuric acid

reagent present is Molisch test which is responsible for the dehydration reaction

mRNA

Type of RNA which serves as template for the amino acid sequence being synthesized

decarboxylase

Pyridoxine is a component of this enzyme:

urea

principal end product of protein metabolism in man is:

CO2

Oxidation product of ketone bodies:

arginine

Amino acids positive for sakaguchi reaction:

DNA

responsible for the transfer of genetic information?

uric acid

chief end product of purine metabolism in man

urea

principal end product of protein metabolism:

jaundice

Condition wherein bile pigment is present in excess in the blood:

wobble

ability of certain anticodons to pair with codons that differ at the third base

ergosterol

lipid that is converted to Vitamin D2 upon irradiation

glycine

important precursor of hemoglobin

amino acid

monomer unit of proteins

Kwashiorkor

disease due to protein deficiency

galactose

monosaccharide most rapidly absorbed from the small intestine

metabolism

sum total of all acitivities directed towards the maintenance of life

liver

principal site of glucose production in the human body is the

bicarbonate-carbon dioxide

major buffer of the extracellular fluid

cerebrosides

glycolipids found in high concentration in the brain and nerve cells especially in the myelin sheath

small intestine

Complete digestion of all foodstuffs occurs in the

niacin

vitamin deficiency causes pellagra

A

Night blindness is a symptom of a deficiency in this vitamin.

lipids

supplies the highest amount of energy per gram

sucrose

sugar is also called an “invert sugar”

fructose

aka sweetest sugar

hopkin’s cole

test detects the presence of indole rings

46

number of chromosomes in the human

univerdal

composed of 3 nucleotides

continuous

Genetic code is:

tRNA

type of RNA molecule that brings amino acids to the site of protein synthesis is

rRNA

RNA which plays an important role in the structure and biosynthetic function of ribosome:

nitrogenous base, phosphate and sugar

nucleic acid is made up of:

peptide

Bond between 2 amino acids

IgE

type of antibodies that plays an importance role in allergic response which causes anaphylactic shock, hayfever and asthma:

7-dehydrocholesterol

precursor of vitamin D3

prosthetic group

Non-protein molecules that are often associated with proteins are called

glycine

only optically inactive amino acid

quarternary

level of protein structure is applicable only to those have several subunits

gangliosides

These are compounds related to cerebrosides that contain sphingsine, long chain fatty acids, hexoses (usually galactose or glucose) and neuramic acid

maple syrup disease

genetic condition characterized by deficiency of the enzyme branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase

transamination

Conversion of amino acids to keto acids

thiamine

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome which can cause acute confusion, ataxia and opthalmoplegia, can be treated with

annealing

phenomena of renaturation of nucleic acid after it has been subjected to high then to room temperature

Reverse transcriptase

also known as the RNA-directed DNA polymerase

Svedberg

cellular particles are often referred y their sedimentation coefficient value, for example 70s ribosomes that is expressed in terms of 10 -13 seconds. The abbreviation “s” stands for

purinase and pyrimidines

best known building blocks of RNA and DNA are

D-glucose

most abundant hexose inside the body

carbohydrates

formation of purple ring at the junction of the acid and sugar layers in the Molisch’s test detects the presence of

seliwanoff’s test

Ketoses can be differentiated from aldose by this test

dextrin

starches are heated

glycolipids (glycosphingolipids)

substance that is isolated from the brain and produces fatty acid, galactose and sphingosine upon hydrolysis is known as

presence of OH ions

Sweet taste of a compound is generally attributed to

holoenzyme

term refers to an intact enzyme with a bound co-facor.

proteoses>peptones>peptides

secondary derived proteins from highest to lowest molecular weight.

tryptophan

Hopkin’s cole is used to identify which of the following amino acids?

sphingomyelin

building block of membrane of nerve tissue

marasmus

also known as protein-calorie malnutrition. It is a state resulting from the chronic deficiency of calories, which can occur even in the presence of adequate intake of protein

Linoleic acid

Linoleic acid

Arachidonic acid

essential fatty acids in humans

Millon-Nasse

test is used to confirm the presence of the phenolic ring of tyrosine

glycolysis

main pathway for carbohydrate catabolism in all human tissues.

fixed loil and fats

esters of fatty acid and glycerol

enantiomers

These stereoisomers are nonsuperimposable mirror image of each other. They are also called optical isomers because they rotate polarized light in opposite directions

phenylalanine hydroxylase

absence of this enzyme results to phenylketonuria

secondary

refers to the spatial arrangements of amino acid residues close to one another in the linear sequence of a polypeptide chain.

DM

Fruity odor of the urine is indicative of ketone bodies, a diagnostic value in case of acidosis in

transitional

purine replaces another purine in ___________ mutations.

lactic acid

substance accumulates in the muscles as a result of vigorous exercise:

glucagon

This hormone may sometimes be useful in the reversal of cardiac effects of beta-blocker overdose because of its ability to increase cAMP production in the heart.

waxes

These are esters of high molecular weight, monohydric alcohols and high molecular weight fatty acids.

neutral

glutamine is a __ AA.

secondary

Random coils and triple helices are examples of what protein structure?