Level 3 organic, functional groups and reagants

Amine

Alcohol

Ketone

Aldehyde

Carboxylic acid

Haloalkane

Alkane

Alkene

Alkyne

Amide

Acid chloride

Ester

Oxidising agent (purple to colourless)

MnO₄⁻/H⁺

Oxidising agent (orange to green)

Cr₂O₇²⁻/H⁺

Reagent which converts alcohol to alkene (elimination)

conc. H₂SO₄

Reagent which converts alcohol to haloalkane (substitution)

SOCl₂/PCl₃/PCl₅

Reagent which converts haloalkane to alkene (elimination)

KOH (alc)

Reagent which converts haloalkane to alcohol (substitution)

KOH (aq)

Regent which converts aldehyde to primary alcohol (reduction)

NaBH₄

Molecule with same molecular formula but diff structural formula

Isomer

Carbon with 4 different atoms/groups attached

chiral

Optical isomers

Enantiomers

Benedict's solution

Blue to orange with aldehyde

Tollen's reagent (silver mirror)

Silver mirror formed with aldehyde

Ester

Formed when a primary alcohol and carboxylic acid combine

Acid chloride

Formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with thionoyl chloride (SOCl₂)

Addition Reacton:

The double bond breaks to a single bond to allow two new atoms/groups to be added to the carbons that were involved in the double bond.

Adding H₂ to alkene reagents and reaction type.

Hydrogenation addition, Pt catalysts in high temperature and pressures. Prou

Adding halogen to alkene.

X₂, the product is a di-haloalkane. If halogen is Br2, the colour changes from orange to colourless. As all the Br₂ is reacted.