ethno L1- intro to ethnology | Quizlet

define ethnology

the study of breeds (when considering vet medicine)

define animal ethnology/animal breeding

the study and comparison of different breeds, their different characteristics, including classification and regulation

define zootechnics

the study of specific characteristics, production parameters, husbandry, and classification of animal breeds used by humans

a breed needs to fulfill...

homogeneity of characters genetically determined

what are the categories of the characteristics used to determine breed?

physiological-productive, morphological, behavioral

what is Sierra's definition of breed?

a breed is a technic-scientific concept that identifies and differentiates a group of animals depending on certain characteristics that are inherited to the offspring, but also maintain certain variability and dynamic evolution

breeds belong to the same ______

species

is reproduction between different breeds in the same species possible?

yes, genetically

what does morphology mean?

physical characteristics

what does aptitude mean?

productive/functional characteristics

what are two types of breeds depending on the way they were formed?

1. geographical breeds
2. zootechnical breeds

Ouessant/Breton dwarf sheep are what type of breed according to formation?

geographical- they were isolated until they became a distinct breed

what is a zootechnical breed?

a breed that was created due to human interference, selecting desired characteristics according to beauty, production, etc

the Holstein dairy cow is what type of breed according to formation?

zootechnical- they were bred because of their productive characteristics such as large milk production and calm disposition

what are different reasons to form breeds?

1. generates uniformity- for similar looking/behaving animals

2. allows us to control productivity- we can make predictions

3. makes hybridization possible- cross-breeding can allow us to get the desired characteristics of different breeds, hybrid vigor: mixed breeds are stronger

4. creates associations- farmers interested in productivity, breeders interested in beauty

what does hybrid vigor mean?

mixed breeds are stronger than pure breeds

can animals within the same breed vary morphologically?

yes

what does ecotype mean within a breed?

breeds can vary depending on their geographical habitat

what is a breed group?

-a group of animals with visual character uniformity, but not demonstrated homogeneity
-domestic animal populations not officially recognized, unlike breeds that are recognized

what is a breed standard?

a detailed written description of how the ideal dog in that breed looks and behaves

what is a pedigree/stud book?

the official record of breed standards

what are the main parts of a breed standard?

1. origin (historic and specific)
2. area of origin (location)
3. dispersion area (current location)
4. morphological description (general, regional, special features, phaneroptic, color)
5. productive description
6. improvement programs
7. breed studies

what are general morphological characteristics?

weight, height

what are regional morphological characteristics?

head, neck, trunk, rump, limbs

what are special feature morphological characteristics?

ears, eyes, tail, waddles, udders, etc

what are phaneroptic morphological characteristics?

skin and related structures (hooves, feathers, coat, etc)