Crime and Punishment

• abduct (v.) (The police are searching for the person who abducted the child.)

bắt cóc

• abduction (n.) (The authorities issued an Amber Alert after the reported abduction.)

vụ bắt cóc

• adjourn (v.) (The judge decided to adjourn the court session until tomorrow.)

hoãn lại, đình chỉ (phiên tòa)

• alibi (n.) (The suspect had a strong alibi for the time of the murder.)

chứng cứ ngoại phạm

• allay (v.) (The police tried to allay the public's fears about the recent crimes.)

làm dịu đi, xoa dịu

• arrest (v./n.) (The police plan to arrest him tomorrow. / The suspect resisted arrest.)

bắt giữ/sự bắt giữ

• arson (n.) (The fire was determined to be a case of arson.)

tội phóng hỏa

• burglary (n.) (There has been a rise in burglary cases in the neighborhood.)

tội trộm cắp (đột nhập nhà, cửa hàng)

• capital (adj.) (Capital punishment is still legal in some countries.)

tử hình (liên quan đến tội tử hình)

• catch red-handed (phr.) (The thief was caught red-handed trying to steal the car.)

bắt quả tang

• child abuse (n. phr.) (The social services department investigates reports of child abuse.)

lạm dụng trẻ em

• come clean (phr.) (He finally decided to come clean about his involvement in the incident.)

thú nhận, nói ra sự thật

• commit (v.) (He was accused of trying to commit fraud.)

thực hiện (tội ác), phạm (tội)

• compensation (n.) (The victim received compensation for the injuries caused by the accident.)

bồi thường, tiền bồi thường

• condone (v.) (We cannot condone any form of violence.)

tha thứ, bỏ qua (hành vi xấu)

• contest (v.) (He plans to contest the charges brought against him.)

tranh cãi, phản đối (pháp lý)

• convict (v./n.) (The jury decided to convict him of the crime. / He is a former convict.)

kết tội/người bị kết án

• conviction (n.) (He has a previous conviction for shoplifting. / She spoke with great conviction about her beliefs.)

sự kết tội; niềm tin vững chắc

• corporal (adj.) (Corporal punishment is illegal in schools.)

thể xác (liên quan đến cơ thể)

• court (n.) (The case will be heard in court next week.)

tòa án

• cover (v.) (The suspect tried to cover his tracks to avoid detection.)

che đậy, che giấu

• criminal (n./adj.) (The police are searching for the criminal. / He has a criminal record.)

tội phạm/thuộc về tội phạm

• custodial (adj.) (Custodial sentences involve imprisonment.)

giam giữ, có tính chất giam giữ

• custody (n.) (The suspect was taken into police custody.

quyền giam giữ, sự giam giữ

• defendant (n.) (The defendant pleaded not guilty to the charges.)

bị cáo

• defense (n.) (The lawyer prepared a strong defense for his client.)

sự bào chữa, bên bị cáo

• delinquency (n.) (Juvenile delinquency is a growing concern in some areas.)

tội phạm vị thành niên, hành vi phạm pháp

• delinquent (n./adj.) (He was a delinquent youth who often got into trouble. / He was labeled a juvenile delinquent.)

người phạm tội nhỏ, vị thành niên phạm tội/phạm tội, có lỗi

• detention (n.) (He was held in police detention for questioning.)

sự giam giữ, sự tạm giữ

• deterrent (n.) (Harsh penalties act as a deterrent to crime.)

thứ răn đe, ngăn chặn

• embark on (phr. v.) (The police will embark on a new investigation into the cold case.)

bắt đầu (một công việc, dự án lớn)

• enforce (v.) (The police enforce traffic laws strictly.)

thi hành, áp đặt (luật)

• enforcement (n.) (Law enforcement agencies work to maintain order.)

sự thi hành, sự cưỡng chế

• evidence (n.) (The prosecution presented strong evidence against the defendant.)

bằng chứng

• exert (v.) (The authorities can exert significant power in these situations.)

áp dụng, sử dụng (quyền lực, ảnh hưởng)

• extenuating (adj.) (The judge considered the extenuating circumstances before passing sentence.)

giảm nhẹ (tình tiết)

• forensic (adj.) (Forensic scientists examine evidence from crime scenes.)

pháp y

• forfeiture (n.) (The forfeiture of his property was part of the penalty.)

sự tịch thu, sự tước bỏ

• fall foul (of) (phr.) (He fell foul of the law when he was caught speeding.)

vi phạm, vướng vào (rắc rối, luật pháp)

• grounding (n.) (His tough upbringing gave him a strong grounding in reality. / The school provides students with a solid grounding in basic subjects.)

nền tảng, căn cứ

• guilty (adj.) (The jury found him guilty of the crime.)

có tội

• harsh (adj.) (The judge gave him a harsh sentence for the serious offense.)

khắc nghiệt, hà khắc

• hearsay (n.) (The lawyer argued that the testimony was mere hearsay and inadmissible.)

tin đồn, lời đồn (không có bằng chứng trực tiếp)

• heinous (adj.) (It was a truly heinous crime that shocked the nation.)

ghê tởm, tàn bạo

• hijacker (n.) (The airline increased security to prevent future hijackers.)

kẻ không tặc, cướp phương tiện

• house arrest (n. phr.) (The politician was placed under house arrest during the investigation.)

quản thúc tại gia

• illegal (adj.) (It is illegal to drive without a license.)

bất hợp pháp

• inmate (n.) (The prison is designed to hold 500 inmates.)

tù nhân

• imprisonment (n.) (He faces a long period of imprisonment if convicted.)

sự bỏ tù, sự tống giam

• innocent (adj.) (The jury declared him innocent of all charges.)

vô tội

• isolation (n.) (He spent several days in solitary isolation as punishment.)

sự cô lập, sự cách ly

• judge (n.) (The judge delivered the verdict after hearing all the evidence.)

thẩm phán

• justice (n.) (The victim's family sought justice for the crime.)

công lý, sự công bằng

• juvenile (n./adj.) (The new law aims to address juvenile crime. / He was treated as a juvenile offender.)

người chưa thành niên/thuộc về người chưa thành niên

• kidnap (v.) (The gang planned to kidnap the wealthy businessman.)

bắt cóc (người)

• law-abiding (adj.) (Most citizens are law-abiding and respect the rules.)

tuân thủ pháp luật

• lawbreaker (n.) (The police are determined to catch all lawbreakers in the city.)

kẻ vi phạm pháp luật

• life sentence (n. phr.) (He was given a life sentence for the murder.)

án chung thân

• manslaughter (n.) (He was charged with manslaughter after accidentally killing someone.)

tội ngộ sát

• miscarriage (of justice) (n. phr.) (The conviction was a terrible miscarriage of justice as he was later proven innocent.)

sự sai lầm của công lý, oan sai

• motive for crime (n. phr.) (The police are still trying to determine the motive for the crime.)

động cơ gây án

• murderer (n.) (The police caught the murderer after a long investigation.)

kẻ giết người

• offence (n.) (Shoplifting is a minor offence.)

tội, hành vi phạm pháp

• offender (n.) (The rehabilitation program aims to help young offenders.)

người phạm tội

• premeditated (adj.) (The attack was clearly premeditated, not impulsive.)

có chủ ý, có tính toán trước

• prisoner (n.) (The prisoner attempted to escape from jail.)

tù nhân

• probation (n.) (He was released on probation after serving two years in prison.)

sự quản chế, án treo

• prosecutor (n.) (The prosecutor presented the state's case against the defendant.)

công tố viên

• punishment (n.) (The punishment for the crime can vary greatly.)

sự trừng phạt, hình phạt

• record (of crimes) (n.) (The suspect has a long record of crimes including theft and assault.)

tiền án tiền sự

• rehabilitate (v.) (The program helps ex-convicts rehabilitate and re-enter society.)

cải tạo, phục hồi nhân phẩm

• rehabilitation (n.) (Prison offers programs for prisoner rehabilitation.)

sự cải tạo, sự phục hồi

• reintegrate (v.) (The goal is to help former inmates reintegrate into society.)

tái hòa nhập

• release (v./n.) (He was released from prison after serving his sentence. / The police ordered his immediate release.)

thả, phóng thích/sự thả, sự phóng thích

• reoffend (v.) (Many released prisoners reoffend within a year.)

tái phạm

• resort to (phr. v.) (The desperate man had to resort to stealing food.)

phải dùng đến, phải viện đến

• revenge (n.) (He sought revenge on those who had wronged him.)

sự trả thù

• revoke (v.) (The judge decided to revoke his driver's license.)

thu hồi, hủy bỏ (giấy phép, quyền)

• sentence (n./v.) (The judge handed down a harsh sentence. / He was sentenced to five years in prison.)

án phạt, bản án/kết án

• shoplifter (n.) (The security guard apprehended a shoplifter at the mall.)

kẻ trộm vặt ở cửa hàng

• smuggler (n.) (Customs officers caught a drug smuggler at the border.)

kẻ buôn lậu

• surveillance (n.) (The suspect was placed under police surveillance.)

sự giám sát

• suspect (n./v.) (The police questioned a new suspect in the case. / I suspect he's lying.)

nghi phạm/nghi ngờ

• suspend (v.) (The police officer was suspended from duty pending an investigation.)

đình chỉ, tạm đình chỉ

• swindle (v./n.) (He tried to swindle money from elderly people. / It was a major financial swindle.)

lừa đảo, lừa gạt/vụ lừa đảo

• terrorist (n.) (The government is determined to combat terrorist organizations.)

kẻ khủng bố

• terrorism (n.) (The country has been a victim of several acts of terrorism.)

khủng bố

• threat (n.) (The police took the bomb threat seriously.)

mối đe dọa

• trafficker (n.) (Human traffickers exploit vulnerable people.)

kẻ buôn người/buôn lậu

• trial (n.) (He is currently on trial for fraud.)

phiên tòa xét xử

• turn (someone) in (phr. v.) (She decided to turn her brother in to the police.)

tố cáo, giao nộp (ai đó cho cảnh sát)

• unpremeditated (adj.) (The crime was an unpremeditated act of violence.)

không có chủ ý, không tính toán trước

• verdict (n.) (The jury reached a verdict of not guilty.)

phán quyết (của bồi thẩm đoàn)

• white-collar crime (n. phr.) (White-collar crime involves financially motivated, non-violent crimes committed by business professionals.)

tội phạm cổ cồn trắng (tội phạm kinh tế)

• witness (n./v.) (There was a key witness who saw the whole event. / Did anyone witness the accident?)

nhân chứng/chứng kiến

• wrongdoer (n.) (The wrongdoers will be brought to justice.)

kẻ làm điều sai trái, kẻ phạm tội