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The American Experiment

The idea that the U.S. was founded as a test of self-government, liberty, and justice—based on Enlightenment ideals and democratic principles.

Declaration of Independence

1776 document asserting the colonies’ right to independence and listing grievances against King George III, based on natural rights and consent of the governed.

The Constitution

1787 document establishing the structure, powers, and limits of the U.S. government, including the separation of powers and federalism.

Magna Carta

1215 English document limiting the power of the king and establishing the idea that everyone is subject to the law.

Mayflower Compact

1620 agreement by Pilgrims to form a self-governing community, early example of social contract in America.

English Bill of Rights

1689 law expanding parliamentary power and individual rights in Britain, influenced the U.S. Bill of Rights.

Common Sense

Pamphlet by Thomas Paine urging American independence from Britain using clear arguments based on natural rights.

Articles of Confederation

The U.S.’s first constitution, created a weak central government and led to calls for a stronger federal system.

The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom

Written by Jefferson, it laid the groundwork for religious liberty and the First Amendment.

Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania

Essays by John Dickinson arguing against unjust British taxes and defending colonial rights.

Path to Independence

The historical process through which the American colonies broke from British rule, combining philosophy, protest, and politics.