Epithelial and Connective Tissue Notes

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Tissue

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Group of cells found together in the body, sharing a common origin and features, arranged in an orderly pattern that creates function.

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Histology

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Study of tissue structure, organization, and function.

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35 Terms

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Tissue

Group of cells found together in the body, sharing a common origin and features, arranged in an orderly pattern that creates function.

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Histology

Study of tissue structure, organization, and function.

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Connective tissue

Binds cells and organs together for protection and support.

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Epithelial tissue

Cells that cover external surfaces and internal cavities.

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Nervous tissue

Propagates and transports communication throughout the body.

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Muscle tissue

Responsive to stimulation and provides movement.

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Mucous (epithelial tissue)

Membranes that line tracts exposed to the external environment; covered with mucous.

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Serous (epithelial tissue)

Membranes that line cavities closed to the external environment.

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Cutaneous (epithelial tissue)

"Dry," covers the body surface.

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Synovial (epithelial tissue)

Lines joint cavities and produces fluid inside the joint; connective tissue.

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Common structural features of epithelial tissue

Highly cellular, little extracellular material; apical surface, basement membrane, nearly completely avascular.

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Squamous description

Outside of nucleus is squashed (flat).

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Cuboidal description

Outside of nucleus are equal around (like a cube).

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Columnar description

Outside of nucleus is like a column.

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Simple squamous epithelium

Location-- heart, blood vessels; Function-- allows materials to pass through by diffusion and filtration.

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Stratified squamous epithelium

Location-- lines the esophagus, mouth; Function-- protects against abrasion.

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Simple columnar epithelium

Location-- ciliated tissues in bronchi; Function-- absorbs and secretes mucous and enzymes.

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Stratified columnar epithelium

Location-- male urethra; Function-- secretes and protects.

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Simple cuboidal epithelium

Location-- in ducts and secretory portions of small glands; Function-- secretes and absorbs.

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Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Location-- sweat glands; Function-- protective tissue.

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Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Location-- lines the trachea; Function-- secretes mucus; ciliated tissue moves mucus.

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Functions of connective tissue

Connects body parts; protects, supports, and binds other tissues together.

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Bone

Bone cells in lacunae, surrounded by a hard matrix of calcium salts and collagen fibers; protects and supports.

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Dense connective tissue

Mostly collagen fibers with rows of fibroblasts.

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Tendons

Connect muscle to bone.

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Ligaments

Connect bone to bone.

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Loose connective tissue

Softer, more cells, less fibrous than other connective tissues.

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Areolar tissue

Most widely distributed loose connective tissue; holds organs together.

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Adipose tissue

Fat; insulates the body from extreme heat and cold.

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Reticular connective tissue

Forms internal framework for blood cells and lymphatic organs.

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Blood

A tissue consisting of blood cells surrounded by blood plasma; atypical connective tissue.

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Hyaline cartilage

Contains collagen fibers; covers ends of bones and forms larynx.

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Fibrocartilage

Highly compressible; found between vertebrae discs.

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Elastic cartilage

Provides elasticity; found in external ear and nose.

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Extracurricular matrix

Non-living substance that makes up connective tissue; produced by connective tissue and then secreted to the exterior.

  • made up of--Structureless ground substance - “glue” that keeps the tissue together AND Fibers - collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers

  • forms a soft packing tissue around other organs, bears weight, and can withstand stretching and abrasion

  • ranges from fat tissue to bones and cartilage