Lecture on Depression

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from a lecture on depression, including its diagnosis, causes, brain changes, and treatment options.

Clinical Depression

A common psychiatric condition affecting 10% of the population, characterized by sadness, loss of interest, fatigue, and other symptoms.

Diagnosis of Clinical Depression

Involves identifying 5 or more of the 9 DSM-5 major depression symptoms within a 2-week period.

Major Depressive Episode

An episode where a person experiences depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure for most of the day, nearly every day.

Genetic Predisposition

The inherited tendency to develop depression, seen more prevalent among family members.

HPA Axis Dysregulation

A condition where uncontrolled stress affects the regulation of cortisol release, impacting neurotransmitter systems.

Cortisol Effects on Depression

High levels of cortisol lead to low levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, contributing to depressive symptoms.

Brain Changes in Depression

Includes reduced hippocampal volume and increased amygdala activity during emotional processing.

Bipolar Depression

A mood disorder characterized by alternating episodes of depression and mania.

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

A class of antidepressants that block the reuptake of serotonin, increasing its levels in the synapse.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

A psychotherapy treatment focused on changing negative thought patterns associated with depression.