CSF: aerobic respiration and mitochondria

mitochondria

In eukaryotes, the utilization of oxygen as means of energy extraction takes place in ___.

energy requirements

The size and number of mitochondria reflect ___ ___ of the cell.

fusion

What is the process in which mitochondria fuse with one another?

fission

What is the process where a mitochondrion spits into two?

Ca2+

Mitochondria play a vital role in the uptake and release of ___ ions.

cristae

The inner mitochondrial membrane is folded into a series of invaginated membranous sheets called ___.

matrix

The fluid-filled space within the interior of the mitochondrion is known as the ___.

intermembrane space

The space between the outer and inner membrane is the ___ ___.

ribosomes; circular DNA

The mitochondrial matrix is composed of ___ and ___ to manufacture their own RNAs and proteins.

pyruvate; NADH; 2 ATP

What are the products of glycolysis?

acetyl-CoA

After glycolysis, pyruvate is transported across the inner membrane and decarboxylated to form ___.

acetyl; oxaloacetate; citrate

During the TCA cycle, a 2C __ group from acetyl-CoA is condensed with a 4C ___ to form a 6C ___.

NADH; FADH2

What are the products of the TCA cycle?

oxidative phosphorylation

What is the process where ATP is driven by energy released from electrons removed during substrate oxidation?

O2; H2O

The final electron acceptor in the mitochondrial ETC is ___, which is reduced to ___.

complex I

Which electron transport complex catalyzes the transfer of an electron pair from NADH to ubiquinone (UQ) to form ubiquinol (UQH2)?

complex II

Which electron transport complex provides a pathway for electrons from succinate dehydrogenase to FAD to UQ, and does NOT translocate protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

complex III

Which electron transport complex catalyzes transfer of electrons from UQH2 to cytochrome c?

complex IV

Which electron transport complex involves the transfer of electrons from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen?

pH gradient and electric potential

What are the two components of the proton gradient for proton-motive force?

F1; F0

ATP synthase has a ___ particle that is the catalytic subunit with three sites for ATP synthesis and a ___ particle that is embedded in the inner membrane.

binding affinity

In the binding change mechanism, the energy from proton movement is used to change the ___ ___ of the active site for ATP, facilitating its release.

catalase

Which enzyme is used to break down hydrogen peroxide in peroxisomes?