Chemistry - grade 10

Where are metals located on the periodic table?

on the left side of the stair case.

Where are non-metals located on the periodic table?

On the right side of the stair case + Hydrogen

What do periods on the periodic table represent?

Horizontal rows that show increasing atomic number.

What do groups or families on the periodic table represent?

Vertical columns where elements have similar chemical properties.

What is an ionic charge?

The charge that an atom acquires when it loses or gains electrons, resulting in the formation of ions.

What is an isotope?

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

How can you tell if something is an isotope?

By comparing their mass numbers.

What is the difference between atomic mass and mass number?

Atomic mass is the weighted average of all isotopes' masses; mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in a specific isotope.

What is a univalent metal?

A metal that has only one possible charge.

What is a multivalent metal?

A metal that can have multiple possible charges.

What information does the atomic number provide?

The number of protons in an atom.

What information does the atomic mass provide?

The average mass of an element's atoms.

What information does the chemical symbol provide?

The abbreviation for the element.

What is a polyatomic ion?

A charged ion composed of two or more atoms bonded together.

What is an ionic compound?

A compound that consists of a metal and a non-metal.

What is a molecular compound?

A compound made of two or more non-metals.

How do covalent bonds differ from ionic bonds?

Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons (between non-metals); ionic bonds involve transferring electrons (between metals and non-metals).

What is a diatomic molecule?

Diatomic molecules consist of two atoms of the same element

Acronym is I Bring Clay For Our New House (I.B.C.F.O.N.H), which helps remember the seven diatomic elements: Iodine (I), Bromine (Br), Chlorine (Cl), Fluorine (F), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), and Hydrogen (H).

What are the molecular compound prefixes? ( up to ten )

Numeric prefixes: mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca

How are chemical changes different from physical changes?

• Chemical changes involve a change in the chemical composition, while physical changes don’t.

What are reactants and products?

• Reactants: Substances that react in a chemical reaction.

• Products: Substances formed as a result of the reaction.

State the Law of Conservation of Mass.

• Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

General formula for each type of reaction?

Synthesis: A + B → AB

• Decomposition: AB → A + B

• Single displacement: A + BC → AC + B

• Double displacement: AB + CD → AD + CB

• Combustion: Hydrocarbon + O2 → CO2 + H2O

What makes a compound an acid or a base?

acids produce hydrogen ions and bases accept hydrogen ions

What are the general properties of acids?

• Acids have sour taste.

• Acids turn blue litmus red.

• Acids have pH less than 7.

• Strong acid cause burn on skin.

• Acids are electrolytes.

What are the general properties of bases?

• Bases change the colour of litmus from red to blue.

• They are bitter in taste.

• Bases lose their basicity when mixed with acids.

• Bases react with acids to form salt and water. ...

• They can conduct electricity.

• Bases feel slippery or soapy.

What is the difference between a binary acid and an oxoacid?

Binary acid: Contains only two elements: hydrogen and a non-metal (e.g., HCl, Hydrochloric acid).

• Oxoacid: Contains hydrogen, oxygen, and another element (e.g., H₂SO₄, Sulfuric acid).

What is an acid-base indicator?

• Acid-base indicator: A substance that changes color depending on the pH of the solution.

• Examples:

  • Litmus paper

  • Phenolphthalein