Chemistry - grade 10

1. Where would you find metals and non-metals on the periodic table?

  • Metals: On the left side and center (Groups 1-12).

  • Non-metals: On the right side (Groups 14-18).

2. Compare periods and groups/families.

  • Periods: Horizontal rows, show increasing atomic number.

  • Groups/Families: Vertical columns, elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.

3. What is an ionic charge?

An ionic charge is the charge that an atom acquires when it loses or gains electrons, resulting in the formation of ions

What is an isotope? How can you tell if something is an isotope?

  • Isotope: Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

  • You can tell by comparing their mass numbers.

  • What is the difference between the atomic mass and mass number?

    • Atomic mass: Weighted average of all isotopes' masses.

    • Mass number: Sum of protons and neutrons in a specific isotope.

  1. What is the difference between a univalent and multivalent metal?

  • Univalent metals have only one possible charge

  • Multivalent metals can have multiple possible charges

  • What information is provided by the atomic number, atomic mass, and chemical symbol?

    • Atomic number: Number of protons.

    • Atomic mass: Average mass of an element’s atoms.

    • Chemical symbol: The abbreviation for the element

what is a polyatomic ion?

a charged ion composed of two or more atoms bonded together.

what is a ionic compound?

Ionic compounds consist of a metal and a non-metal

what is a molecular compound?

Molecular compounds are made of two or more non-metals

Compare a covalent bond to an ionic bond.

  • Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons (between non-metals).

  • Ionic bonds involve transferring electrons (between metals and non-metals).

What is a diatomic molecule?

Diatomic molecules consist of two atoms of the same element

Acronym is I Bring Clay For Our New House (I.B.C.F.O.N.H), which helps remember the seven diatomic elements: Iodine (I), Bromine (Br), Chlorine (Cl), Fluorine (F), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), and Hydrogen (H).

what are the molecular compound prefixes? ( up to ten )

Numeric prefixes: mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca

How are chemical changes different from physical changes?

  • Chemical changes involve a change in the chemical composition, while physical changes don’t.

What are reactants and products?

  • Reactants: Substances that react in a chemical reaction.

  • Products: Substances formed as a result of the reaction.

State the Law of Conservation of Mass.

  • Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

General formula for each type of reaction?

Synthesis: A + B → AB

  • Decomposition: AB → A + B

  • Single displacement: A + BC → AC + B

  • Double displacement: AB + CD → AD + CB

  • Combustion: Hydrocarbon + O2 → CO2 + H2O

What makes a compound an acid or a base?

acids produce hydrogen ions and bases accept hydrogen ions

What are the general properties of acids?

Taste sour (like lemon juice).

  • Turn blue litmus paper red.

  • React with metals to release hydrogen gas.

  • Conduct electricity (are electrolytes).

What are the general properties of bases?

Taste bitter (like baking soda).

  • Turn red litmus paper blue.

  • Feel slippery (like soap).

  • Conduct electricity (are electrolytes).

What is the difference between a binary acid and an oxoacid?

Binary acid: Contains only two elements: hydrogen and a non-metal (e.g., HCl, Hydrochloric acid).

  • Oxoacid: Contains hydrogen, oxygen, and another element (e.g., H₂SO₄, Sulfuric acid).