Cell Cycle two

What is the purpose of M phase in cell division?

M phase is responsible for the division of the nucleus (mitosis) and the division of the cytoplasm (cytokinesis).

What role does CDC 25 play in the regulation of M phase?

CDC 25 is a phosphatase that removes inhibitory phosphates from M phase CDK complexes, activating them.

What are cohesins and their function during cell division?

Cohesins are protein complexes that hold sister chromatids together during cell division.

What marks the metaphase plate during metaphase?

The metaphase plate is defined by the equal tension experienced by kinetochore microtubules attached to chromosomes.

What occurs during anaphase A?

In anaphase A, the cohesins are cleaved and sister chromatids are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell.

What happens to the nucleus during prophase?

During prophase, the genetic material condenses into chromosomes while the nuclear envelope remains intact.

What triggers apoptosis in a cell?

Apoptosis is triggered by signals that lead to the activation of caspases, which are enzymes that promote programmed cell death.

What is the difference between apoptosis and necrosis?

Apoptosis is a controlled and neat process of cell death, while necrosis is uncontrolled and messy, resulting in cell rupture and inflammation.

What is the role of BCL-2 during cell apoptosis?

BCL-2 is a protein that promotes cell survival by inhibiting apoptosis; it prevents the activation of pro-apoptotic signals.

What is the function of microtubules in M phase?

Microtubules form the mitotic spindle, which is crucial for the separation and transportation of chromosomes during cell division.