Civil Disobedience Movement & Round Table Conferences (1930–1934)

Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha) timeframe

12 March to 6 April 1930

Route and participants of Dandi March

241 miles with 78 delegates from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi (Navsari)

Magazine that initially mocked Gandhi but named him "Man of the Year" in 1930

Time Magazine

Reason salt was chosen as the theme for CDM

The government tax and monopoly revealed its oppressive face

Event planned for May 1930 (before which Gandhi was arrested)

Raid on Dharasana Salt Works

Leaders of Dharasana Satyagraha after Gandhi's arrest

Abbas Tyabji, Sarojini Naidu, Imam Sahib, and Manilal

Woman who persuaded Gandhi to include women in the movement

Sarojini Naidu

Leader who famously said "Do not restrict this movement to men alone"

Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay

CDM campaign in Ryotwari Areas

Non-payment of revenue

CDM campaign in Zamindari Areas

No chowkidar tax

CDM campaign in Central Province

Violation of forest laws

CDM campaign in Assam

Students protested against the Cunningham Circular (which forced a pledge of "good behavior")

Leader of the Salt March in Tamil Nadu (Trichinopoly to Vedaranniyam)

C. Rajagopalachari

Leader of CDM in Malabar

K. Kelappan

Leader of CDM in Orissa

Gopalbandhu Choudhary

Site chosen in Bihar to violate Salt Law

Nakhas Pond (led by Ambika Kant Sinha)

Leader in Peshawar during CDM

Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (Badshah Khan / Frontier Gandhi)

Movement and organization launched by Frontier Gandhi

"Red Shirt Movement" by the Khudai Khidmatgar (Servants of God)

Leader of anti-British struggle in Manipur & Nagaland at age 13

Rani Gaidinliu (led the Heraka Movement and was imprisoned for 14 years)

Forms of Mobilization during CDM

Prabhat Pheri, Vanar Sena, Manjari Sena

Another name for Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931)

The Delhi Pact

Date of Gandhi-Irwin Pact

5 March 1931

Irwin's demands accepted by Gandhi

Suspend CDM and participate in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhi's demands accepted by Irwin

Release non-violent political prisoners, return unsold confiscated properties, right to produce salt for personal consumption

Gandhi's demands rejected by Irwin

Public inquiry into police excesses and commutation of death sentences for Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru

President of Karachi Session (29 March 1931)

Sardar Patel

Reason Gandhi was greeted with black flags at the Karachi Session

Youth were angry over the execution of Bhagat Singh

Key outcomes of Karachi Session (1931)

Gandhi-Irwin pact accepted, agreed to join 2nd RTC, CDM suspended, Purna Swaraj reiterated

Two major resolutions adopted at the Karachi Session

Fundamental Rights and National Economic Policy

Purpose of Round Table Conferences (RTC) in London

To discuss the Simon Commission Report and future reforms

Dates of the three Round Table Conferences

1st (Nov 1930-Jan 1931), 2nd (Sep 1931-Dec 1931), 3rd (Nov 1932-Dec 1932)

The only Round Table Conference where Gandhi and Congress participated

2nd RTC

Leader who attended all 3 Round Table Conferences

B.R. Ambedkar

Reason for the failure of the 2nd RTC

Non-acceptance of Congress demands by the British Government

Viceroy who refused a meeting with Gandhi upon his return in 1932

Lord Willingdon

Final withdrawal of the Civil Disobedience Movement

April 1934