Cell Size, Cell Cycle, Mitosis & Cancer

Mitosis

division of the cell nucleus

prophase

Chromosomes become visible, nuclear membrane dissolves, spindle fibers forms

metaphase

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

anaphase

Phase of mitosis in which the chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

telophase

Phase of mitosis in which a nuclear membrane reforms around each new set of chromatids. Spindle fibers disappear

cytokinesis

Division of the cytoplasm during cell division

interphase

Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases

centrioles

forms spindle fibers for cell division

spindle fibers

Protein strands that help pull apart the cell during cell division

chromosome

Condensed form of DNA. Made of 2 sister chromatids; found in the nucleus.

cell cycle

series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide

cleavage furrow

The area of the cell membrane that pinches in and eventually separates the dividing cell

S phase of interphase

DNA is replicated

G1 phase

stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions

G2 phase

The second growth phase of the cell cycle, organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced

Daughter cells

Genetically identical cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

cell plate

In a plant cell, midline of dividing cells. Becomes the cell wall eventually.

tumor

A mass of abnormal cells that develops when cancerous cells divide and grow uncontrollably.

benign tumor

An abnormal mass of cells that is not harmful and remains at its original site in the body.

malignant tumor

mass of abnormal harmful/cancerous cells resulting from uncontrolled cancer cell division

metastasis

The spread of cancer cells to locations distant from their original site through the blood vessels.

asexual reproduction

process of reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent

Why are cell sizes so small?

smaller cells are more efficient than large ones

what must occur before a cell can divide?

DNA replication

apoptosis

programmed cell death

prokaryotic chromosome

single circular strand of DNA

eukaryotic chromosomes

multiple amounts and linear/non-circular

cell division

Process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells