Pure Chem-Atoms+Elements+Compounds+Isotopes+Ions+Ar

Element

A pure substance made up of only one type of atom, such as oxygen or carbon.

Compound

A substance formed from two or more different elements chemically bonded in a fixed ratio, such as H2O or CO2.

Mixture

A physical combination of two or more elements or compounds, where components retain their individual properties and can be separated by physical methods.

Atom

The smallest indivisible unit of an element.

Molecule

A group of atoms bonded together, which can be of the same or different elements.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which also defines the element's position on the periodic table.

Mass Number

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Relative Atomic Mass

The average mass of all isotopes of an element compared to 1/12th of the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

Neutron Number

The number of neutrons in an atom, calculated as Mass number - Atomic number.

Ion

An atom or group of atoms with a net electric charge due to the gain or loss of electrons.

Cation

A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses electrons.

Anion

A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains electrons.

Ionic Bond

A strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, typically formed between metal and non-metal atoms.

Covalent Bond

A bond formed when a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms, typically between non-metals.

Simple Molecular Compound

A compound made of a small number of atoms joined by covalent bonds, forming separate molecules.

Giant Covalent Structure

A structure made of millions of atoms linked by strong covalent bonds, such as diamond and graphite.

Metallic Bond

The attraction between positively charged metal ions and the 'sea' of free electrons that allows for conductivity.

Properties of Metals

Good electrical conductivity, malleability, and ductility due to the nature of metallic bonding.