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Elements common to all living things
plasma membrane (cell membrane)
cytoplasm
chromosome
ribosome
cytoskeleton
Plasma membrane
A bilayer made of phospholipid molecules with embedded protein molecules that surrounds each cell. Semi-permeable plasma membranes control the flow of substances into and out of a cell.
Semi-permeable membranes and transportation
Selected substances can penetrate cell membranes through transport protein channels. Selective transport of ions and water-soluble molecules maintains the specialized internal environments required for cellular life. The polarity of a molecule impacts penetration.
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