APUSH Gilded Age Politics reviewed

Ulysses S. Grant

civil war hero wins presidency for the republican party in 1868

Temporary social and political revolution; and black voters

Part of Grant’s victory

Credit Mobilier Affair

VP and members of congress involved in Railroad stock scandal

Whiskey Ring

1875 Private Secretary of Grant helped steal 3 million from the federal government in a tax corruption scheme

Grantism

terms used to describe corruption in politics

Tammany Hall

Local political corruption; democratic party political machine; boss tweed

Boss Tweed

used bribery, graft, and fraud to steal over 200 million from NY tax payers

Thomas Nast

exposed boss tweed/tammany hall corruption

Panic of 1873

Severe economic collapse (1873)

panic of 1873

distracts nation from enforcing Reconstruction

Overproduction and overspeculation

causes of Panic of 1873

hard currency

gold, silver

soft currency/greenbacks

paper money

election of 1876

Republican Rutherford Hayes vs Democrat Samuel Tilden; three states contested

compromise of 1877

south and democrats recognize hayes as president; hayes pulls out federal troops from south and end reconstruction; hayes to provide south political positions (patronage) and federal aid for a transcontinental RR for the south

Civil Rights of 1875

Protected Rights; crime for individuals to deny full and equal use of public places; prohibited racial discrimination in jury selection

Civil Rights Cases of 1883

Court striking down; 14th amendment only protected against government violations of civil rights (individuals can discriminate); Overturns civil rights act of 1875

Plessy v Ferguson

separate but equal; racial segregation was constitutional if equal facilities were made available to each race

New South

(Idea of) south would rebuild, industrialize, develop economy

15th amendment

black men given right to vote and disenfranchisement promoted

disenfranchisement

Literacy tests, poll taxes, property requirements, grandfather clauses (exempted from electoral requirements anyone who had voted in 1860)

Redeemers

white democrats who reassumed political power in the south

chinese immigration

important in mining booms and building of railroad

chinese exclusion act

1882; prohibited further immigration of chinese laborers; first time immigration restrictions on race and nationality

Half breeds

advocated for civil service reform (james blaine)

Stalwarts

supporters of patronage (Roscoe Conkling)

Harrison

Billion dollar congress