6. Intro To Arrays

Java

A high-level programming language used for building applications.

Array

A data structure that stores a fixed-size sequential collection of elements of the same type.

Fragmentation

A condition where allocated memory is used in a non-contiguous manner.

RAM

Random Access Memory, a type of computer memory that can be accessed randomly.

Operating System

Software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services.

BIOS

Basic Input/Output System, firmware used to perform hardware initialization during booting.

Integer

A whole number that can be positive, negative, or zero.

Binary System

A numeral system that uses two symbols, typically 0 and 1, for representing numbers.

Decimal System

A base-10 numeral system that uses digits from 0 to 9.

Hexadecimal System

A base-16 numeral system that uses digits 0-9 and letters A-F.

Octal System

A base-8 numeral system that uses digits from 0 to 7.

Contiguous Memory

Memory locations that are sequentially allocated without any gaps.

Null Pointer Exception

An error that occurs when a program tries to use an object or variable that has not been initialized.

Loop

A programming construct that repeatedly executes a block of code as long as a specified condition is true.

Function

A reusable block of code that performs a specific task.

Variable Declaration

The process of defining a variable with a specific type and name.

Modular Programming

A software design technique that separates the functionality of a program into independent, interchangeable modules.

Parallel Arrays

Multiple arrays that hold related data, with the same index representing corresponding elements.

Call by Reference

An argument-passing technique where the address of a variable is passed, allowing modifications.

Call by Value

An argument-passing technique where a copy of the variable’s value is passed, protecting the original.

Scanner

A Java utility that allows input from various sources, typically the keyboard.

System.out.println()

A method in Java used to print messages to the console.

Control Structures

Statements that control the flow of execution based on conditions, including if-else statements and loops.