Dental hygiene Radiology

Which examination area best describes the primary use of the bite-wing image?

a. pulp chambers of teeth

b. apical area of teeth

c. interproximal area of teeth

d. apical and interproximal areas of teeth

c. interproximal area of teeth

Which is the correct vertical angulation used with the bite-wing technique?

a. -10 degrees

b. -20 degrees

c. +15 degrees

d. +10 degrees

d. +10 degrees

When/why does a cone cut result?

Cone cut results when the position-indication device was positioned too far distally. As well as failure to center the x-ray beam.

What size receptor/sensor is recommended for bite-wings on an adult patient?

a. 1

b. 0

c. 2

c. 2

Which size receptor/sensor is used for children with full PRIMARY dentition?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 0

c. 0

The overall blackness or darkness of a dental image is termed:

a. contrast

b. diagnostic quality

c. density

d. subject thickness

c. density

Increasing the milliamperage (mA) will cause:

a. an increase in density; the image appears lighter

b. an increase in density; the image appears darker

c. a decrease in density; the image appears lighter

d. a decrease in density; the image appears darker

b. an increase in density; the image appears darker

Increasing the operator kilovoltage (kV) will cause:

a. an increase in density; the image appears darker

b. an increase in density; the image appears lighter

c. an decrease in density; the image appears darker

d. an decrease in density; the image appears lighter

a. an increase in density; the image appears darker

A dental image that demonstrates many shades of gray is said to have:

a. low contrast

b. high density

c. high contrast

d. low density

a. low contrast

An image that demonstrates very dark areas and very light areas is said to have:

a. high density

b. low density

c. high contrast

d. low contrast

c. high contrast

List three types of intraoral imaging examinations.

Three types of intraoral imaging examinations are periapical, interproximal, and occlusal examinations.

Too much vertical angulation results in images that are:

a. elongated

b. none of the answers are correct

c. foreshortened

d. overlapped

c. foreshortened

Too little vertical angulation results in images that are:

a. elongated

b. none of the answers are correct

c. foreshortened

d. overlapped

a. elongated

Digital imaging requires less radiation than does conventional radiography because:

a. the exposure time is increased.

b. the sensor is larger.

c. the pixels sense transmitted light quickly.

d. the sensor is more sensitive to x-rays.

d. the sensor is more sensitive to x-rays.

Digital imaging systems can be used for which images?

a. panoramic

b. bite-wing

c. all of the answers are correct

d. cephalometric

c. all of the answers are correct

X-rays were discovered by:

a. Madame Curie

b. Ciezinsky

c. Conrad Roentgen

d. Milli Amperage

c. Conrad Roentgen

Binding energy of electrons in which of the following orbits is greatest?

a. K shell electron

b. O shell electron

c. M shell electron

d. L shell electron

a. K shell electron

The particle which remains after an atoms loses one electron to form an "ion pair" will be:

a. Will have a plus one charge

b. All of the above

c. Will have one more electron in a shell

d. Will have one more neutron in its nucleus

a. Will have a plus one charge

Which of the following describe ionization?

a. An atom without a nucleus

b. None of the above

c. An atom that loses an electron

d. An atom with equal numbers of protons and electrons

c. An atom that loses an electron

1) Radiation is the emission and propagation of energy through space or a substance in the form of waves or particles. 2) Radioactivity can be defined as the process by which certain unstable atoms or elements undergo spontaneous disintegration or decay in an effort to attain a more balanced nuclear state.

a. Both statements are false

b. The first statement is false; the second statement is true

c. Both statements are true

d. The first statement is true; the second statement is false

c. Both statements are true

Electromagnetic radiations:

a. Include x-ray and visible light

b. Are entirely man-made

c. Are a form of particulate radiation

d. Have mass

a. Include x-ray and visible light

Which of the following forms of electromagnetic radiation are capable of ionization?

a. Radio waves

b. Ultraviolet light

c. X-rays

d. Visible light

c. X-rays

Which of the following forms of electromagnetic radiation has the shortest wavelength?

a. Television wave

b. Radio wave

c. Radar wave

d. Dental x-ray wave

d. Dental x-ray wave

Where is the location in the dental x-ray head where x-rays are produced?

a. Negative Anode

b. Negative Cathode

c. Positive Anode

d. Positive Cathode

c. Positive Anode

Which of the following is the location within the dental x-ray head where thermionic emission occur?

a. Positive Cathode

b. Negative Cathode

c. Negative Anode

d. Positive Anode

b. Negative Cathode

Which component of the x-ray tubehead absorbs heat created by the production of x-rays?

a. Lead collimator

b. Aluminum Disks

c. Insulating Oil

d. Metal Housing

c. Insulating Oil

What does the acronym ALARA stand for?

a. As low as reasonably allowable

b. As low as reasonably achievable

c. As low as responsible allows

d. As low as radiation assists

b. As low as reasonably achievable

What is the inherent protection in dental radiology?

a. lead collimator, insulated oil, aluminum filter in xray head

b. None of the above

c. aluminum collimator, insulated oil, lead filter in xray head

a. lead collimator, insulated oil, aluminum filter in xray head

Radiographs are the property of the dentist and patients pay for the diagnosis of the radiographs. Informed consent is needed prior to taking dental radiographs ONLY on children.

a. The first sentence is true; the second sentence is false

b. The first sentence is true; the second sentence is true

c. The first sentence is false; the second sentence is true

d. The first sentence is false; the second sentence is false

a. The first sentence is true; the second sentence is false

At ISU dental hygiene clinic, it is the clinic protocol to indicate the room is clean by:

a. When all barriers are in place no matter the lighting

b. Having light off

c. Leaving light on

b. Having light off

Within the x-ray tube, electron are generated by the:

a. Tungsten filament in the anode

b. Copper stem

c. Tungsten filament in the cathode

d. Molybdenum cup

c. Tungsten filament in the cathode

__________ is the measurement of the number of electrons moving through a conductor

a. Direct Current

b. Amperage

c. Voltage

d. Alternating Current

b. Amperage

Collimation of a beam refers to the:

a. Selective removal of soft radiation from the beam

b. Selective removal of hard radiation from the beam

c. Reduction of beam diameter

d. Process of reducing the beam intensity by 50 percent

c. Reduction of beam diameter

Filtration is used in dental x-ray machines to remove:

a. Low energy electrons

b. High energy photons

c. Long-wavelength photons

d. Scatter radiation

c. Long-wavelength photons

X-ray filters are usually made of:

a. Copper

b. Lead

c. Stainless steel

d. Aluminum

d. Aluminum

Collimators are usually made of:

a. Lead

b. Stainless Steel

c. Copper

d. Aluminum

a. Lead

Which of the following tissues is most susceptible to radiation?

a. Muscle tissue

b. Brain tissue

c. Nerve Tissue

d. Blood forming tissues

d. Blood forming tissues

The latent period related to radiation biology is that period between:

a. Exposure of film and development

b. Exposure to x-radiation and the appearance of clinical symptoms

c. Subsequent doses of x-radiation

d. The state of cell rest and cell mitosis

b. Exposure to x-radiation and the appearance of clinical symptoms

The maximum permissible dose from diagnostic x-rays for a patient in one year is:

a. 5000 mrem

b. None of the above

c. 5 rem

d. 788 mrem

b. None of the above

The operator should NOT hold the:

a. film during exposure

b. tube during exposure

c. All of the above

d. patient during exposure

c. All of the above

If the dental hygienist or assistant holds the film in the patient's mouth for a prolong period of time while making an x-ray exposure, he or she may develop:

a. Tuberculosis

b. None of the above

c. Carcinoma

d. Sickle Cell Anemia

c. Carcinoma

In normal dental diagnostic procedures, the principal hazard to the operator is produced by:

a. gamma radiation

b. secondary radiation

c. None of the above

d. primary radiation

b. secondary radiation

Film badge dosimetry is:

a. not sensitive to gamma rays

b. A process that uses film that is sensitive to x, beta, and gamma rays

c. only useful if taking panoramic xrays

d. not important to use in modern times

b. A process that uses film that is sensitive to x, beta, and gamma rays

What protective device is available for glandular tissue of the neck area?

a. Aluminum filtration

b. Digital Sensor

c. Lead apron

d. Thyroid Collar

d. Thyroid Collar

Who has ethical responsibility to adopt ALARA

a. The dentist

b. The dental assistant

c. The dental hygienist

d. All of the above

d. All of the above

The sensitivity of tissues to radiation is determines by:

a. All of the above

b. cell differentiation

c. Mitotic Activity

d. cell metabolism

e. None of the above

a. All of the above

Which of the following is considered radioresistent?

a. immature reproductive cells

b. None of the above

c. young bone cells

d. epithelial cells

e. mature bone cells

e. mature bone cells

Identify the single largest contributor to artificial radiation exposure:

a. radioactive materials

b. consumer products

c. nuclear fuel cycle

d. weapons production

e. medical radiation

e. medical radiation

Radiation produced when high speed electrons are stopped or slowed down by the tungsten atoms of the dental x-ray tube is called

a. coherent

b. general/bresstrahlung

c. Compton

d. characteristic

b. general/bresstrahlung

What term best describes when low energy x-rays passes near an atom's outer electron, with scatter possibly occurring without loss of energy

a. Coherent

b. Thermonuclear fuel cells

c. Photoelectric effect

d. Compton

a. Coherent

A film holding device is used when exposing radiographs for the purpose of:

a. decreasing the exposure time

b. reducing radioation to the patient

c. stabilizing the film

d. increasing technique errors

c. stabilizing the film

Identify the major advantage of using the paralleling technique versus the bisecting angle technique:

a. more contrast

b. increased density

c. decreased density

d. decreased distortion

d. decreased distortion

Which of these would most likely require the use of bisecting technique for intraoral periapicals?

a. maxillary torus

b. shallow floor of mouth

c. all of the answers are correct

d. edentulous areas

c. all of the answers are correct

Which of the following describes the proper direction of the central ray in the bisecting technique?

a. 90 degrees to the film and long axis of the tooth

b. 90 degrees to the film

c. 90 degrees to the imaginary bisector

d. 90 degrees to the long axis of the tooth

c. 90 degrees to the imaginary bisector

When using the Rinn XCP for a maxillary anterior periapical, the placement of the film should be?

a. placement is not critical

b. in the highest portion of the palate

c. as close to the teeth as possible

d. where it is most comfortable for the patient

b. in the highest portion of the palate

A posterior Rinn XCP instrument assembled for use in the maxillary left can also be used to position films in the:

a. maxillary right

b. mandibular left

c. mandibular right

d. maxillary anterior

c. mandibular right

Vertical bitewings are recommended instead or horizontals for moderate to advanced periodontal cases because vertical BWX:

a. show buccal and lingual caries

b. increase patient comfort

c. eliminates the need for periapicals

d. reveal more of the periodontium

d. reveal more of the periodontium

Which of the following lists the structures in order of increasing radiopacity?

a. cementum, pulp, dentin, enamel

b. pulp, cementum, dentin, enamel

c. dentin, pulp, cementum, enamel

d. enamel, dentin, cementum, pulp

d. enamel, dentin, cementum, pulp

Which restorative material is the MOST radiopaque?

a. Porcelain

b. Acrylic

c. Gold

d. Composite

c. Gold

What is the most accurate way to verify which dental materials is viewed on a radiograph?

a. compare current with previous radiographs

b. ask the dentist

c. check the patient clinically

d. ask the patient

c. check the patient clinically

In health, the lamina dura appears radiographically as:

a. a dense radiolucent line

b. an intermittent radiolucent line

c. a thin, radiopaque line around the roots of the teeth

d. an intermittent radiopaque line

c. a thin, radiopaque line around the roots of the teeth

Which answer best describes caries that extends less than halfway through the enamel

a. moderate

b. advanced

c. severe

d. incipent

d. incipent

Which best describes caries that extends more than halfway through the enamel but does not involve the DEJ

a. moderate

b. severe

c. incipent

d. advanced

a. moderate

Which best describes caries that extends to or through the DEJ but does not extend more than half the distance to the pulp.

a. incipent

b. severe

c. advanced

d. moderate

c. advanced

Which best describes caries that extends through enamel, through dentin, and more than half the distance to the pulp.

a. advanced

b. severe

c. moderate

d. incipient

b. severe

Mild crestal bone changes defines which ADA Case Type?

a. ADA Case Type III

b. ADA Case Type IV

c. ADA Case Type II

d. ADA Case Type I

c. ADA Case Type II

Bone loss more than 6mm apical to the CEJ describes which ADA Case Type?

a. ADA Case Type IV

b. ADA Case Type III

c. ADA Case Type II

d. ADA Case Type I

a. ADA Case Type IV

No changes in bone levels is best described by which ADA Case type?

a. ADA Case Type III

b. ADA Case Type II

c. ADA Case Type IV

d. ADA Case Type I

d. ADA Case Type I

Bone loss 4-6 mm apical to the CEJ is best described by which ADA Case Type?

a. ADA Case Type IV

b. ADA Case Type III

c. ADA Case Type I

d. ADA Case Type II

b. ADA Case Type III