Rome midterm review

Serbian reforms

created comitia centuriata, reorganized military structure, and expanded citizenship to plebians

Pyrrhic War

A conflict that Rome lost battles in but ultimately won the war because the Pyrrhic suffered such crippling losses they couldn’t fight anymore

1st Punic War

Conflict between Rome and Carthage

Treaty of Lutatius

Agreement after 1st Punic War- Carthage returned Roman prisoners without a ransom, Carthage paid Rome for losses, marked a shift in Mediterranean power because Carthage recognized Roman supremacy in Sicily

Battle of Cannae

A major battle in the 2nd Punic War where Hannibal inflicted severe losses on Roman forces

Scipio Aemilianus

A Roman general who, despite being underage, was elected consul and led the campaign against Carthage.

When was Carthage destroyed?

146 BC after the 3rd Punic War

Conflict of Orders

Struggle between patricians and plebeians in the Roman Republic for political equality.

Gracchi Brothers

Gaius and Tiberius Gracchus, reformers who advocated for land redistribution and rights for the plebeians.

Optimates

A political faction in the late Roman Republic that favored the aristocracy and the traditional ruling classes.

Populares

A political faction that sought to gain power through the support of the common people.

Lex Canuleia

Law that allowed plebians and patricians to intermarry, reversing prior legislation in the Twelve Tables

Sulla

A Roman general and dictator known for his conflict with Marius and the subsequent civil war.

Octavian/Augustus

The first Roman emperor who established the imperial system and concentrated power in his hands.

Paterfamilias

The male head of a family or household in ancient Rome, with power over family members to abandon,

Twelve Tables

Rome’s first codified, written law system

When were the Twelve Tables created?

450 BCE

What did the Twelve Tables establish a legal definition for?

patricians and plebians

patria potestas

the power of a father over his family, especially to arrange marriages, both fathers have to agree

the tribune of the plebs was _____ and had the power of ___.

sacrosanct, veto

What does public law concern?

priests, magistrates, sacred matters

Private law concerns what and has what 3 parts?

Concerns individuals and includes natural, civil, and national law

What were the two major battles of the Pyrrhic war?

Battle of Hercalea and Battle of Asculum

What did the Pyrrhic War do?

Put Rome on the map for their first international conflict and showed Roman resilience despite losses