Tooth Morphology Terminology

maxillary

refers to the upper jaw (maxilla)

mandibular

refers to the lower jaw (mandible)

primary dentition

deciduous teeth, baby teeth

permanent dentition

secondary teeth, succedaneous teeth

what are the four quadrants that divide the teeth and mouth?

upper right, upper left, lower left, lower right

diphyodont

having two sets of teeth during a lifetime

primary or deciduous teeth begin form prenatally around

14 weeks in utero

the primary dentition consists of __ teeth in the maxilla and __ in the mandible

10, 10

each quadrant of the primary teeth consist of

two incisors, one canine, and two molars (five teeth total)

generally, the first primary teeth that emerge in the oral cavity at the mean of

8 months (6-12 months)

the first primary teeth are typically __ centered

mandibular

the last primary teeth emerge in the oral cavity at the mean age of

28 ± 4 months

the last primary teeth to emerge are typically the

maxillary second molars

around what age do the first permanent teeth begin erupting

6 years

generally, what are the first permanent teeth to emerge?

mandibular first molars (aka six-year molars)

note: sometimes mandibular incisors

mixed dentition period

period of time where the oral cavity contains primary and permanent teeth

aka the transition period

when does the permanent dentition period begin?

generally, when the permanent second molars start to erupt

primary molars are replaced by

permanent premolars

what age is the eruption of the permanent dentition usually completed?

14-15 years old

what age are third molars usually completed?

18-25 years old

what is the dental formula for the primary/deciduous teeth in humans?

I2 C1 M2 = 10

what is the dental formula for the permanent/secondary teeth in humans?

I2 C1 P2 M3 = 16

symbolic or zsigmondy/palmer system for permanent teeth

symbolic or zsigmondy/palmer system for primary teeth

two digit system for permanent teeth

two digit system for primary teeth

universal system for permanent dentition

universal system for primary dentition

clinical crown

the part of the tooth that can be seen in the oral cavity

clinical root

the part of the tooth that is covered by the gingiva (gum)

anatomical crown

the part of the crown that is covered with the enamel

anatomical root

the part of the tooth that is covered with cementum

what divides the anatomical crown and root?

cervical line or the cementoenamel junction (CEJ)

tip of the root

apex

apical foramen

opening at the root apex

what are the four tooth tissues?

enamel, dentin, cementum, pulp

out of the four tooth tissues, which is not a soft tissue?

pulp

what is the primary function of the pulp?

form the dentin of the tooth

A:

B:

C:

D:

A: enamel

B: dentin

C: cementum

D: pulp

A:

B:

C:

D:

E:

F:

A: CEJ

B: DEJ

C: periodontal ligament

D: bone

E: bony septum

F: gingiva

pulp horn

projections in the roof of the pulp chamber corresponds to the major cusps or lobes

pulp chamber

crown portion of a tooth that contains the pulp tissues

root canal

root portion of the tooth that contains the pulp tissue

furcation

the area of the multi-rooted tooth where the root divides

root trunk

the area of the root between the CEJ and the furcation

supplemental canal

bifurcation

trifurcation

root trunk

A: uvula

B: labial foramen

C: hard palate

D: soft palate

E: tuberosity

F: retromolar

G: vestibule

H: gingiva

alveolar process

portion of the jaw serving as support for the tooth

alveolus

bone of the tooth socket

proximal

towards the adjacent teeth

mesial

towards the midline

distal

away from the midline

facial

towards the face

labial

towards the lip

buccal

towards the cheek

lingual

towards the tongue

palatal

towards the palate

occlusal

the chewing surface/the surface that comes in contact with the opposing tooth

incisal

the cutting surface

radicular

of, relating to, or occuring at the root of a tooth

coronal

of, relating to, or occuring at the crown of a tooth

height of contour

concept used in aspects of restorative dentistry and means the most prominent part of the tooth

A: convex

B: concave

A: apical

B: middle

C: cervical

D: middle

E: incisal

A: occlusal

B: middle

C: cervical

D: middle

E: apical

F: distal

G: middle

H: mesial

A: buccal

B: middle

C: lingual

lobe

one of the primary sections of formation in the development of the crown

representative of lobes

cusps, cingulum, mamelons

tubercle

an elevation on the crown produced by an extra formation of enamel

A: labioincisal line angle

B: mesioincisal line angle

C: mesiolabial line angle

D: linguoincisal line angle

E: distolingual line angle

F: distolabial line angle

A: mesio-occlusal line angle

B: mesiolingual line angle

C: mesiobuccal line angle

D: bucco-occlusal line angle

E: linguo-occlusal line angle

F: distolingual line angle

G: distobuccal line angle

H: disto-occlusal line angle

A: mesiolabioincisal point angle

B: mesiolingualincisal point angle

C: distolabialincisal point angle

D: distolinguoincisal point angle

A: mesiolinguo-occlusal point angle

B: mesiobucco-occlusal point angle

C: distolinguo-occlusal point angle

D: distobucco-occlusal point angle

how many line angles are there in the anterior teeth?

6

how many line angles are there in the posterior teeth?

8

how many point angles are there in all teeth?

4

embrasures

spillways that are found between two adjacent teeth

interdental papilla (IDP)

part of the gingiva that cervical or gingival embrasures contain

purposes of embrasures?

1. provide a spillway for food

2. prevent food from being forced into the contact areas