Biology Chapter 3/4 Quiz

studied byStudied by 2 people
0.0(0)
learn
LearnA personalized and smart learning plan
exam
Practice TestTake a test on your terms and definitions
spaced repetition
Spaced RepetitionScientifically backed study method
heart puzzle
Matching GameHow quick can you match all your cards?
flashcards
FlashcardsStudy terms and definitions

1 / 41

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

42 Terms

1
A molecule where opposite ends have opposite charges
Polar
New cards
2
A very weak attraction between oppositely charged molecules
Hydrogen Bond
New cards
3
Hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together in a phenomenon called _______
Cohesion
New cards
4
A measure of how hard it is to break the surface of a liquid
surface tension
New cards
5
The amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 gram of that substance to change its temperature by 1 degree celsius
Specific heat
New cards
6
Transformation of a substance from a liquid to gas
Evaporation
New cards
7
As liquid evaporates, its remaining surface cools, in a process called
Evaporative cooling
New cards
8
Why does Ice float in water?
The molecules aren't as tightly packed, making ice less dense
New cards
9
A liquid that is a homogenous mixture of substances
Solution
New cards
10
The dissolving agent of a solution
Solvent
New cards
11
The substance that is dissolved in a solution?
Solute
New cards
12
A solution where water is the solvent?
Aqueous solution
New cards
13
When an ionic compound is dissolved in water, each ion is surrounded by a sphere of water moles called what?
Hydration Shell
New cards
14
What allows large polar molecules like proteins to dissolve in water?
Their ionic and polar regions
New cards
15
A substance that has an affinity for water (generally polar)
Hydrophillic
New cards
16
A substance that DOES NOT have an affinity for water
Hydrophobic
New cards
17
What is molarity measuring?
Concentration
New cards
18
What does pH measure?
The positive or negative charges of H in a solution
New cards
19
Acids have a pH that is _______ 7
Under
New cards
20
Bases have a pH that is ______- 7
over
New cards
21
How do you calculate molarity?
Grams/liters
New cards
22
Most biological fluids have pH values in the range of?
6-8
New cards
23
What is a Buffer?
A substance that minimizes the change in concentrations of H and OH in a solution
New cards
24
_______ Refers to rain, snow, or fog with a pH lower than 5.6
Acid precipiation
New cards
25
Why is carbon extremely versatile?
It can form 4 bonds
New cards
26
What is organic chemistry?
The study of carbon compounds
New cards
27
Every time an atom is added to a molecule, it changes that _________ and therefore changes the _______
Shape, funciton
New cards
28
What are carbons most frequent partners?
hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
New cards
29
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties?
Isomers
New cards
30
Isomers that are mirror images of each other
Enantiomers
New cards
31
Isomers that have the same covalent arrangements but differ in spatial arrangements
Geometric isomers
New cards
32
What functional group includes -OH?
Hydroxyl
New cards
33
What functional group includes O double-bonded to C-H?
Carboxyl
New cards
34
What functional group includes Nitrogen?
Amino
New cards
35
What functional group includes CH3?
Methyl
New cards
36
What functional group includes Phosphorus?
Phosphate
New cards
37
What do functional groups do?
Components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions?
New cards
38
Hydrocarbons
Organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen
New cards
39
What is a mole?
the relative formula mass of a substance in grams
New cards
40
How does specific heat of water affect living things?
Water can act as a buffer; High resistance to heat allows for large amounts of heat energy absorption without significant change to temperature
New cards
41
How does evaporation affect animals and plants?

Animals: Works as a coolant with homeostasis (dogs panting, humans sweating)

Plants: Movement of solutes from roots to leaves, allows for spread of water

New cards
42
Why is pH important to living things?
Very high or very low pH can change molecular shapes; shape dictates function
New cards
robot