Late Roman Republic: Return to Monarchy

What did the conspirators think would happen after Caesar's assassination?

The public would side with them

Who was Mark Anthony?

Key figure who filled power vacuum post-Caesar.

What agreement did the conspirators and Marc Antony come to?

Caesar's assassins would receive an official amnesty while Caesar's last acts as Dictator and his will would be respected, and he would receive a state funeral

Who was the main beneficiary of Caesar's will?

Octavius

Who was Octavius?

Caesar's great nephew and primary heir, adopted by Caesar in his will.

Who was in the Second Triumvirate?

Octavian, Antony, and Marcus Aemilius

How long did the Second Triumvirate last?

43-33 BCE

Battle of Philippi

42 BCE conflict avenging Caesar's murder.

How did avenging Caesar's death end?

After defeating Brutus and Cassius there, Octavian returned to Rome while Antony stayed in the East. Brutus and Cassius got rid of themselves

Octavia

Octavian's sister, married to Antony to secure peace.

Cleopatra

Queen of Egypt, involved in Antony's downfall.

Why did the Second Triumvirate end?

Things changed when Antony sent Octavia back to Italy even though she was pregnant with his child, later having twins with Cleopatra

What else did Marc do that was considered scandalous?

He apparently gave Roman provinces in his will to his children with Cleopatra

Actium

Naval battle in On September 2nd 31 BCE between Octavian and Antony.

Agrippa

Octavian's general who played key role at Actium.

How did Octavian win?

After Antony's defeat, Octavian slowly marched overland through Antony's territory in Asia Minor, winning over his old legions away from Antony in the process. Octavian skillfully isolated Antony and Cleopatra

How old was Octavian when he became Princeps?

32

Princeps

Title meaning 'First Man', claimed by Augustus.

Imperator

Title meaning 'Commander', used by Augustus.

Octavian Caesar

Name adopted by Octavius after inheriting Caesar's legacy.

Triumph

Celebratory parade for military victories in Rome.

Comet

Sign seen after Caesar's death, symbolizing his soul and lead him to be worshiped as a G-d.

100,000 Men

Approximate number of veterans supported by Octavian.