Lecture 34 - Ruminant and Camelid Anesthesia

Urethra

Obstruction of what structure is one important consideration of anesthesia in goats?

Lateral Recumbency

Putting ruminants in what position causes compression of great vessels and the diaphragm, leading to hypotension, hypoventilation, and hypoxemia?

Yes

Are head down, ptosis, salivation, ataxia, and sternal and lateral recumbency all good clinical signs of sedation in ruminants?

Acepromazine

What premedication drug is rarely used in ruminants, has a prolonged effect, and causes penile prolapse in bulls?

Opioids

What group of premedication drugs are often used along with alpha 2 agonists of benzodiazepines to improve sedation and analgesia, and can cause behavioral changes if used at high doses with no sedatives?

Benzodiazepines

Which group of premedication drugs have minimal CVS effects, give good sedation in goats, can be combined with opioids, and are not labelled for food animals?

Xylazine

Which alpha 2 agonist gives dose-dependent sedation, is most sensitive in goats, should be given to bulls in lower doses, and should be avoided in the last trimester of pregnancy due to increased uterine contractions? It can cause CVS effects, diuresis, and pulmonary edema.

Detomidine

Which alpha 2 agonist has the normal side effects, has less sensitivity differences than xylazine does, is less prone to induce recumbency, and has less uterine effects than xylazine?

Jugular

Which vein is mainly used for venipuncture in ruminants? Ear veins and cephalic/saphenous veins are also used.

Yes

Can ketamine, propofol, thiopental, guaifenesin, alfaxalone, etomidate, telazol, and mask induction all be used for induction of ruminants and camelids?

Lower

Should the head in a ruminant be kept slightly higher or lower than the neck to allow drainage of saliva and ruminal contents?

Yes

Are ruminants prone to postanesthetic neuropathy and myopathy, similar to horses?

60-90

What heart rate should be found in adult ruminants under anesthesia? Juveniles will have 90-130 bpm.

20-40

How many bpm should the respiratory rate be in anesthetized ruminants?

No

Should ruminants have nystagmus when they are under surgical anesthesia?

Nasal

Camelids are obligate what breathers?

Right

Which jugular vein is most commonly used for venipuncture in camelids? They do not have a jugular groove.

Xylazine

Which alpha 2 agonist is most commonly used for premedication in camelids?

Yes

Can opioids and benzodiazepines be used for premedication in camelids? One is used mainly in immature and sick animals.

Ketamine Stun

What procedure is used for premedication in camelids using low doses of ketamine along with xylazine/butorphanol sedation? This allows deeper sedation, recumbency, and helps for small procedures.

Ketamine

What drug is most commonly used for induction in camelids, although propofol and alfaxalone can be used off-label?