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Why was the treaty of Versailles a cause of WWII?
It's harsh terms had the opposite effects and led Germans to believe that Hitler could solve their problems and restore pride.
What were four causes of WWII?
The Treaty of Versallies, Invasion of Austria,
What were four large contributions Hitler had to cause the war?
Armed revolt in Munion, made a policy of lebensraum, created a fascist state, hosted a US nazi rally
What is Mein Kampf
Hitler's memoir he wrote in prison after conducting an armed revolt in Munich.
What does "Mein Kampf" translate to?
My Struggle
Why did the German people follow Hitler?
He had photo books published making him look good, and he hosted rallies, one of which was made into a film
Who was Benito Mussolini?
Italian fascist, dictator of Italy and “ruined” the Italian government
How did Benito Mussolini gain popularity and power
What was Chamberlain's plan of appeasement?
To give Hitler what he wanted (Sudetenland) in exchange for Germany not making any more demands.
What was the Anschluss?
The Nazi German regime's first act of territorial aggression & expansion. Joining, or "annexing" Austria. Resulted in public violence against Austria's Jewish population.
How did Hitler gain Austria?
German troops invaded Austria and incorporated them into the German Reich in March, 1938
Why was the non-aggression pact with Russia important to Germany's interests?
It allowed Germany to fight intermediate wars without fear of a Soviet attack, avoiding a two front war.
How did the rest of Europe view the non-aggression pact between Russia and Germany?
Who did the non-aggression pact include?
Germany and the Soviet Union
What was the League of Nations?
The first worldwide intergovernmental organization. It was made to achieve world peace, or international peace and security
Why was the League of Nations considered a failure?
Britain and France, which were the two most influential members, ignored the League's efforts to appease Hitler. Some would say this lead to WWII
Why was the world concerned with Japan's and Italy's foreign policy?
What is imperialism?
Extending political and economic control outward over other areas
In what ways was the Spanish Civil War a rehearsal for WWII?
Hitler used it to test new military equipment and for combat experience for the war
What was the Phoney War?
An 8-month period at the start of WWII when no land operations were undertaken
What was "Sitzkrieg"?
The Phoney War
Why did Canada not automatically declare war when Britain did in 1914?
They wanted to make their independence known after the Statute of Westminster in 1931
What was the Statute of Westminster
The decree that Britain's laws no longer automatically applied to Canada.
What was Blitzkrieg?
"The lighting war"
How did Blitzkrieg work?
A method of warfare used to surprise attack, using rapid and overwhelming force concentration that consists of armoured tanks and air support
What was the Battle of Britain?
Also known as the air battle for England. It was a military campaign in which the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Fleet Air Arm of the Royal Navy defended the UK against large scale attacks by the Luftwaffe (Nazi Germany's air force)
How was the Battle of Britain different than any other large scale battle in history?
It was the first major military campaign fought entirely by air forces
What was operation Sea Lion?
Nazi Germany's code name for the plan of an invasion of the UK during the Battle of Britain
Though outnumbered, what advantages did Britain have in the Battle of Britain?
They had developed an incredible air defence network. The Dowding System brought together technology such as radar, ground defences, and fighter aircraft
What is the Blitz?
A German bombing campaign against the UK in 1940-1941, mainly London. Originated from the word lightning
What was Operation Barbarossa?
Nazi Germany and many of its Axis allies' invasion of the Soviet Union. Meant to destroy the Red Army
What was the 'Scorched Earth' Policy?
A last-ditch attempt to destroy anything that my have been useful to an enemy Tactics included selling off prized assets, gaining debt, burning crops, etc
What were the main reasons Germany lost the Battle of Russia?
Poor strategic planning; short on men and supplies
What were Caucuses?
Why were Caucuses important to the war effort?
Define "Allies"
A state associated to another by treaty or league.
Who were the main 3 "allies"
Great Britain, USA, and the Soviet Union
Who were the main "Axis Powers"?
Germany, Italy, and Japan
Why did the USA not want to enter the war?
They were only just recovering from the Great Depression and had lost many troops in WWI
What event led the USA to join the war?
Pearl Harbour
What happened to the Canadians at Hong Kong?
Many were killed, and those who weren't, were brought to camps many of which died of starvation and illness (POW Camps)
Why did Canadians invade Dieppe and why was it doomed from the start?
They weren’t ready for a full scale invasion so they invaded a French beach but their aerial and naval weapons could not enable the ground forces to achieve objectives
When did Canadians invade Dieppe?
August 19th 1942
What was Operation Overlord?
Codename for the Battle of Normany, the allied operation that launched the successful invasion of German-occupied western Europe
What influence did Dieppe have on Operation Overload?
What was the Battle of Ortona?
December 1943, Allies
How successful was D-Day?
What was Canada's role in D-Day?
More than 14,000 soldiers landed in France, the navy contributed 110 warships and 10,000 sailors
Why was control of the Atlantic so important?
Ships bringing supplies and food could be stopped and deprive soldiers of essential things along with preventing allies to aid each other.
What were U-boats? And what were they used for?
German submarines that were used for destroying merchant vessels carrying supplies to the allied forces
Why were U-boats so successful?
They were able to sink over 3,000 ships, though the Allies were able to destroy them faster than Germany could make them
What was the Holocaust?
A mass scale of destruction or slaughter, in this case toward the Jews
What was Rationing?
A limit on how much of a certain product you could use
Name 3 products that were rationed:
Gasoline, sugar, butter, meat, tea, coffee
Define "Conscription"
Forced enrolment into the army
How was the Conscription Crisis of WWII similar to WWI
How was the Conscription Crisis of WWII different to WWI
What is a plebiscite?
A type of voting or proposing law, a type of vote to change the government or constitution of a country
Why were Japanese Canadian's treated so harshly?
They were blamed for the attack on Pearl Harbour
What were 3 actions that the Japanese Canadians had held against them.
Pearl Harbour
What were V1 and V2?
Mussels launched by Germany to terrorize Britain
Why did the USA drop the atomic bomb on Japan?
It would bring the war to an end quicker with fewer deaths
Neville Chamberlain
UK prime minister who had a major role in Munich agreement
W.L. Mackenzie King
Canadian prime minister
Adm. Yamamnoto
Commander of the Japanese Combined Fleet. He planned and executed the Pearl Harbour plan
Reichstag
Home of the German Parliament in Berlin, on Monday February 27th 1933, four weeks after Hitler was chancellor, was burnt in an arson attack by Marinus van der
VJ Day
Victory Over Japan Day, celebrated August 15th in UK and September 2nd in America
Manchuria
In northwest Asia, the Soviet Union invaded them on August 6th 1945
Reparations
Making amends by providing payment or assistance to those they have wronged, like Germany with the Treaty of Versailles
Gestapo
The German secret police force.
Hermann Goering
A leader in the Nazi party, and a primary person in the German police state
II Duce
A name that Benito Mussolini went by meaning "The Leader"
Zombies
groups of men bent on killing at all costs, mainly in the Japanese Banzai attack
Irwin Rommell
A German field marshal, also known as the Desert Fox
Josef Stalin
Leader of the Soviet Union
Douglas McArthur
US army general and field marshal for the Philippine army
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Military officer for US and served as president in the 50's
Luftwaffe
Germany's Aerial forces
VE Day
Victory in Europe day, celebrated May 8th
Ethiopia
invaded by italy in 1935
W.A. Riddell
Canada's League of Nations
Mao Tse Tung (Zeodong)
Chairman of people's republic of China
St. Louis
began producing DUKW's
Isolationism
remaining apat from other politcial affairs
Manhattan Project
development of atomic bomb
Bernard Montgomery
British Field Marshal
FDR
Franklin Roosavelt
Harry Truman
US President
Fuhrer
title used by supreme leader of nazi germany
Whermacht
Unified armed forces of grman
Dunkirk
Haile Selassie
Spitfire
George VI
King of the UK from 1936-1952
Partisans
Jewish people in Europe, many teenagers, who fought against Nazis
Mouse-holing
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