Historical and Developmental Perspectives Lecture Notes

This set of flashcards covers Philippine history definitions, cultural concepts of consciousness, geographic facts, and Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development.

Sibilisasyon

Derived from the Latin word "civilitas" and relates to the Greek word "polis" meaning city.

Eurosentrismo

A perspective associated with the concepts of "white man's burden" and "Manifest Destiny."

Kabihasnan (Salazar 2010)

A type of lifestyle and refined behavior inherited and practiced by a group of people.

Kalinangan

Equivalent to the term "Culture," derived from the word "linang" which means to improve or develop.

Austronesyano

A large family of languages and race of people believed to be the origin of many groups in the Philippines, the Pacific, and Southeast Asia.

Bulul

Recognized as the rice god.

Loob

A concept referring to what a person knows or feels about their own self.

Labas

A concept referring to what a person knows about the things or people in their surroundings.

Kamalayan

State of having knowledge, understanding, and being aware of a thing, event, or condition.

Kasaysayan (Salazar 1983)

Narratives that have meaning ("salaysay na may saysay") for a specific group of people.

Kamalayang Pangkasaysayan

Deep awareness and understanding of a nation's history and how it shapes the present and future.

Pantayong Pananaw

A perspective by Zeus Salazar centered on the nation where recognition of the past comes from the experience and culture of Filipinos themselves.

Teodoro Agoncillo's View on History

History is a story of human life in society and a journey of a nation toward its formation.

Arkipelago

A geographic term for a cluster of islands; the Philippines is an archipelago with approximately $7,600$ islands.

Isla ng Mavulis

The northernmost point of the Philippines located in Batanes.

Isla ng Saluag

The southernmost point of the Philippines located in Tawi-Tawi.

Pulo ng Kalayaan

The westernmost point of the Philippines, also known as the Spratly Islands.

1734 Murillo Map

A historical map used as evidence in the Permanent Court of Arbitration ($PCA$) case.

Psychosocial Theory

A theory by Erik Erikson describing eight stages of human growth and developmental conflicts.

Trust vs. Mistrust

The psychosocial conflict for ages $0-1$ with the basic virtue of Hope.

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

The psychosocial conflict for ages $1-3$ with the basic virtue of Will.

Identity vs. Role Confusion

The psychosocial conflict for adolescents aged $12-18$ with the basic virtue of Fidelity.

Intimacy vs. Isolation

The psychosocial conflict for early adulthood aged $18-40$ with the basic virtue of Love.

Self Regulation

According to Cabrera ($2023$), the ability to understand, manage, and respond to feelings in a healthy and helpful way.

Components of Emotion

The three experiences to better understand emotions: Subjective experience, Physiological response, and Behavioral response.