Spinal Anatomy Lecture Exam 2

Anterior Wall of thoracic cage

Sternum and Costal cartilages

Lateral Wall of thoracic cage

Ribs

Posterior Wall of Thoracic cage

T1-T12

Feature located at superior border of Manubrium

Jugular Notch (Suprasternal notch)

Feature located at superolateral border of Manubrium

Clavicular Notches (Sternoclavicular joint)

Feature located at inferolateral border of manubrium

Costal Notch I-II (Sternochondral joints)

What vertebral level is the Manubrium located

Superior-T2/T3 IVD, Inferior T4 body

What is the manubriosternal symphysis

Cartilaginous Symphysis joint between Manubrium and body of sternum

Another name for body of sternum

Corpus Sterni

Articular facets for ribs on body of sternum

Costal Notch II-VII

Sternal Foramen

Present in 4-7% of population, most common between sternebrae 3 and 4

T/F the Xyphoid Process is ossified at birth

False, ossifies variably throughout life, sometimes not at all

Purpose of Xiphoid Process

Anchors rectus abdominis muscles, and attachment point for the diaphragm

Sternoclavicular Joint classification

Synovial Saddle (diarthrosis sellar) joint, Appears as a synovial plane, moves like a ball and socket

Sternoclavicular synovial joint cavities

Two synovial joint cavities separated by interarticular disc

Which ligaments support the Sternoclavicular joint

Anterior, posterior sternoclavicular, interclavicular, and costoclavicular ligaments

First Sternochondral joint classification

Cartilaginous Synchondrosis (hyaline) joint, only non-synovial rib joint

Second sternochondral joint classification

Synovial Plane Joint

Interarticular ligament of Second sternochondral joint

attaches fibrous capsule to manubrium symphysis, dividing joint into two synovial cavities

Ligaments that support 1-7 sternochondral joints

Anterior and Posterior radiate sternocostal ligaments

Third-Sevent Sternochondral joint

Synovial Plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint

Interchondral joint classification

Synovial Plane (diarthrosis arthodial) joint, between 5-7 costal cartilage

Ligaments that support Interchondral joint

Anterior and Posterior Interchondral ligaments

Manubriosternal joint classification

Cartilaginous symphysis (fibrocartilage) joint

Another name for Manubriosternal joint

Sternal angle of Louis

Typical Ribs

Ribs 3-9

Atypical Ribs

1, 2, 10, 11, 12

True Ribs

ribs 1-7, attach directly to sternum

False Ribs

Ribs 8-12, do not directly connect to sternum

Floating Ribs

11-12 do not attach to sternum

Vertebrosternal ribs

Ribs 1-7

Vertebrochondral Ribs

Ribs 8-10

Vertebral Ribs

Ribs 11 and 12

Features of the head of the rib

Superior and inferior articular surfaces, interarticular crest between

Neck of the rib

Separates the head and tubercle of typical ribs

Features of the tubercle of rib

Medially (towards head) articular surface,

Laterally (away from head) non-articular surface

Costocentral joint classification

Synovial Plane Joint

What two articulations make up the costocentral joint

superior and inferior articular processes of head of rib articulate with Superior demifacet of same vertebrae and inferior demifacet of vertibrae above

superior costotransverse ligament

inferior border of transverse process above to neck of rib below

Inferior costotransverse ligament

anterior border of transverse process to posterior neck of rib at same level

Lateral costotransverse ligament

Non-articular surface of rib tubercle to transverse process at same level

Atypical rib- Rib 1

single articular surface at T1 superior costal facet, No costal angle or costal groove

Superior surface of Rib 1

Medially- groove for subclavian artery and first thoracic nerve, Laterally- groove for subclavian vein, separated by scalene tubercle

Which muscle attaches at scalene tubercle

anterior scalene, middle scalene, serratus anterior

Rib 2 special feature

Tuberosity for serratus anterior muscle

Rib 10 external surface

Attachment point for iliocostalis muscle and thoracolumbar fascia

Rib 11

single articular surface on head, No articular surface on tubercle

Rib 12

Single articular surface, shortest of all ribs (most rudimentary)

Embryonic structure ribs develop from

Sclerotomes

What embryonic structures fuse to form the sternum

Anterior ends of costal processes fuse with lateral plate mesoderm

How does the manubrium, sternal body, and xiphoid process form

Sternal bars fuse and undergo endochondral ossification

T/F ossification of the sternum occurs cranially to caudally

False, Caudal to Cranial

T/F primary ossification center of ribs is always late in 2nd fetal month and secondary is always after puberty

True

Typical Thoracic Vertebrae

T2-T8

Atypical Thoracic Vertebrae

T1, T9-T12

Vertebral body shape of typical thoracic vertebrae

Triangular heart shape

Vertebral foramen shape of typical thoracic vertebrae

Ova/circular

What causes a kyphotic curvature in thoracic vertebrae

Posterior body is greater than anterior body

Is the IVD different in height

No flat and leveled

Width between left and right superior and inferior articular processes

T2-T4 greater width between superior articular facets than inferior articular facets, T5-T8 equal in distance

where is the pars interarticularis located

Between the superior and inferior articular processes

Where to find transverse costal facets

Found on top of transverse tubercles

T2-T6 transverse costal facet shape

Concaved

T7-T8 transverse costal facet shape

Flat

What thoracic level is the aortic impression present

T5-T8

Which side of thoracic vertebrae is the aortic impression present

Left side

what part of the vertebrae is compressed due to aortic impression

Superior and inferior epiphyseal rims

head of rib articulates with

inferior costal facet of the vertebra above and the superior facet of the rib at the same level

Each typical thoracic vertebral body participates in how many costocentral joints?

4, L and R superior and Inferior costal demifacets

Each typical thoracic vertebrae participates in how many costotransverse joints?

2 both on transverse tubercles

Supporting ligaments of costovertebral joints

Capsular ligament, Radiate ligaments, Interarticular ligament

Capsular ligament of costovertebral joints

Stabilizes joint, contributes to anterior boundary of IVF

Radiate ligaments of costovertebral joints

3 bands- upper middle lower, Superficial to capsular ligament, connects head of rib to vertebral bodies and IVD

Interarticular ligament of costovertebral joints

Connects interarticular crest on head of rib with associated IVD

Articulations of costotransverse joint

transverse costal facet and articular surface of rib tubercle

Supporting ligaments for costotransverse joints

Capsular ligament and Superior, Inferior, Lateral costotransverse ligaments

Superior Costotransverse ligament

connects inferior border of transverse process above to neck of rib below

Anterior Costotransverse ligament

connects anterior border of transverse process to posterior neck of rib at same level

Lateral Costotransverse ligament

connects non-articular surface of rib tubercle to transverse tubercle at same level

Ligaments that attach at spinous process of typical thoracic vertebrae

Interspinous and Supraspinous ligaments

Ligaments that attach at transverse process of typical thoracic vertebrae

Intertransverse ligament, Capsular costotransverse ligament, Superior, Inferior, and Lateral costotransverse ligaments

Total joint surfaces on typical thoracic vertebrae

10 total, 4 on body, 6 on arch

Joint classifications of all typical thoracic joint surfaces

Synovial Plane

What osseous feature is variable on T9 vertebrae

Inferior costal demi-facet if 10th rib articulates with IVD between T9-T10

Ribs 2-9 ossification centers

1 primary (2nd fetal mo.), 3 secondary (during puberty)

Atypical Rib 1 ossification centers

1 primary (2nd fetal mo.), 2 secondary (during puberty)

Atypical Rib 10 ossification centers

1 primary (2nd fetal mo.), 2 secondary (AFTER puberty)

Atypical Rib 11 and 12 ossification centers

1 primary center (2nd fetal mo.) NO secondary

Two variable osseous features of T10 vertebrae

Transverse costal facet, Para-articular process (ossification of ligaments flavum)

Typical thoracic feature that T11 vertebrae doesn't have

Transverse costal facet, Costal facet located closer to pedicles

T12 osseous features

Flat superior articular facet, convex inferior articular facet, costal facet lies entirely on pedicle

Superior Costal facet of T1

articulates with full head of rib 1

Superior costal facet of T9

articulates with rib 9

Superior costal facet of T11

located near the pedicle

Superior costal facet of T12

Located on the pedicle

Inferior costal facet of T9

may be absent, if absent rib 10 articulates with the IVD and Costal facet on T10

Inferior costal facet of T10-T12

Absent

Ligaments that support T1-Rib 1 articulation

Inferior and Lateral costotransverse, NO Superior

T1 costocentral joint

First rib articulates with Superior costal facet, second rib articulates with inferior costal demifacet

What structures stabilize 12th rib

T11 superior costotransverse ligament and L1 lumbosacral ligament